Process Search Results

• Process

AtEXP10 influences leaf growth through its effects on cell-wall rheology

Cho HT, Cosgrove DJ - Altered expression of expansin modulates leaf growth and pedicel abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana

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LEP is likely to encode a plant transcription factor

van der Graaff E, Dulk-Ras AD, Hooykaas PJ, Keller B - Activation tagging of the LEAFY PETIOLE gene affects leaf petiole development in Arabidopsis thaliana

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NAC1 is a transcriptional activator

Xie Q, Frugis G, Colgan D, Chua NH - Arabidopsis NAC1 transduces auxin signal downstream of TIR1 to promote lateral root development

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coinciding with increased ICK1 expression, the Cdc2-like kinase activity decreased

Wang H, Zhou Y, Gilmer S, Whitwill S, Fowke LC - Expression of the plant cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor ICK1 affects cell division, plant growth and morphology

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We tested whether BL-binding activates BRI1's kinase. Receptor activation often involves auto-phosphorylation, which can lead to a change of mobility in SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Arabidopsis seedlings grown in the presence of the BR biosynthetic inhibitor brassinazole were treated with BL and analysed by immunoblotting (Fig. 3). Treatment of wild-type seedlings with 1 microM BL for 1 h caused a shift of BRI1 from a faster to a slower migrating band, compared with an untreated sample or a sample treated with mock solution (Fig. 3a). Phosphatase treatment of the BL-treated samples shifted the slower band back to the fast migrating band, suggesting that the shift of mobility represents BRI1 phosphorylation (Fig. 3b). We also observed such a BL-induced BRI1 mobility shift in the BL biosynthetic mutant det2, but not in the bri1-117 mutant (Fig. 3c), which contains a mutation that abolishes BRI1's in vitro kinase activity (data not shown). Our data indicate that BL induction of BRI1 phosphorylation requires the kinase activity of BRI1, suggesting that BL-binding induces autophosphorylation of BRI1

Wang ZY, Seto H, Fujioka S, Yoshida S, Chory J - BRI1 is a critical component of a plasma-membrane receptor for plant steroids

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regulation of cell elongation by the ROT3 gene

Kim GT, Shoda K, Tsuge T, Cho KH, Uchimiya H, Yokoyama R, Nishitani K, Tsukaya H - The ANGUSTIFOLIA gene of Arabidopsis, a plant CtBP gene, regulates leaf-cell expansion, the arrangement of cortical microtubules in leaf cells and expression of a gene involved in cell-wall formation

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Recombinant ... AtCPL3 exhibit phosphatase activity that is detected based on hydrolysis of artificial phosphatase substrate CDP-star

Koiwa H, Barb AW, Xiong L, Li F, McCully MG, Lee BH, Sokolchik I, Zhu J, Gong Z, Reddy M, Sharkhuu A, Manabe Y, Yokoi S, Zhu JK, Bressan RA, Hasegawa PM - C-terminal domain phosphatase-like family members (AtCPLs) differentially regulate Arabidopsis thaliana abiotic stress signaling, growth, and development

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Recombinant AtCPL1 ... exhibit phosphatase activity that is detected based on hydrolysis of artificial phosphatase substrate CDP-star

Koiwa H, Barb AW, Xiong L, Li F, McCully MG, Lee BH, Sokolchik I, Zhu J, Gong Z, Reddy M, Sharkhuu A, Manabe Y, Yokoi S, Zhu JK, Bressan RA, Hasegawa PM - C-terminal domain phosphatase-like family members (AtCPLs) differentially regulate Arabidopsis thaliana abiotic stress signaling, growth, and development

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RHL2 ... involved during endocycles

Sugimoto-Shirasu K, Stacey NJ, Corsar J, Roberts K, McCann MC - DNA topoisomerase VI is essential for endoreduplication in Arabidopsis

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HYP6 ... involved during endocycles

Sugimoto-Shirasu K, Stacey NJ, Corsar J, Roberts K, McCann MC - DNA topoisomerase VI is essential for endoreduplication in Arabidopsis

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requirement for SWP varied during shoot development

Autran D, Jonak C, Belcram K, Beemster GT, Kronenberger J, Grandjean O, Inzé D, Traas J - Cell numbers and leaf development in Arabidopsis: a functional analysis of the STRUWWELPETER gene

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The polarized distribution of HST in trichomes is particularly interesting because it suggests that asymmetric nucleocytoplamic transport may contribute to trichome cell polarity

Bollman KM, Aukerman MJ, Park MY, Hunter C, Berardini TZ, Poethig RS - HASTY, the Arabidopsis ortholog of exportin 5/MSN5, regulates phase change and morphogenesis

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RCE1 is required for auxin response

Dharmasiri S, Dharmasiri N, Hellmann H, Estelle M - The RUB/Nedd8 conjugation pathway is required for early development in Arabidopsis

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Our data showed that the as2-101 er plants had a much higher frequency of lotus- leaves than that in the as2-101 ER plants (Table 1), indicating that ER function is indeed involved in the leaf polarity establishment

Xu L, Xu Y, Dong A, Sun Y, Pi L, Xu Y, Huang H - Novel as1 and as2 defects in leaf adaxial-abaxial polarity reveal the requirement for ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 and 2 and ERECTA functions in specifying leaf adaxial identity

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the AtCKX6 promoter was active during the maturation phase of stomatal guard cells but not in fully mature stomata in older leaves (Figure 11Y), suggesting that AtCKX6 expression plays a role in stomatal development rather than in stomatal function

Werner T, Motyka V, Laucou V, Smets R, Van Onckelen H, Schmülling T - Cytokinin-deficient transgenic Arabidopsis plants show multiple developmental alterations indicating opposite functions of cytokinins in the regulation of shoot and root meristem activity

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These results indicate that ATHB16 affects rosette leaf growth

Wang Y, Henriksson E, Söderman E, Henriksson KN, Sundberg E, Engström P - The Arabidopsis homeobox gene, ATHB16, regulates leaf development and the sensitivity to photoperiod in Arabidopsis

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These results indicate that ATHB16 affects rosette leaf growth mainly by regulating cell expansion

Wang Y, Henriksson E, Söderman E, Henriksson KN, Sundberg E, Engström P - The Arabidopsis homeobox gene, ATHB16, regulates leaf development and the sensitivity to photoperiod in Arabidopsis

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KCS1 protein is involved in wax biosynthesis

Coll-Garcia D, Mazuch J, Altmann T, Müssig C - EXORDIUM regulates brassinosteroid-responsive genes

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The KCS1, Exp5, and AGP4 genes encode cell wall (modifying) proteins

Coll-Garcia D, Mazuch J, Altmann T, Müssig C - EXORDIUM regulates brassinosteroid-responsive genes

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The KCS1, Exp5, and AGP4 genes encode cell wall (modifying) proteins

Coll-Garcia D, Mazuch J, Altmann T, Müssig C - EXORDIUM regulates brassinosteroid-responsive genes

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The KCS1, Exp5, and AGP4 genes encode cell wall (modifying) proteins

Coll-Garcia D, Mazuch J, Altmann T, Müssig C - EXORDIUM regulates brassinosteroid-responsive genes

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To analyze the efficiency of their degradation in the mutant, we monitored the stability of a AXR3/IAA17-GUS reporter protein that was expressed under the control of a heat-shock promoter (HS::AXR3NT-GUS) (Gray et al., 2001). In 36-hour-old seedlings of the wild type and the mutant, GUS stains were observed immediately after heat-shock induction, with the mutant staining rather more intensely than the wild type (Fig. 8A,B). At 60 minutes after the heat shock period, although GUS staining disappeared in wild-type seedlings, it was still observed in the hlr mutant (Fig. 8C,D). Increased stability was observed in the wild type when a proteasome inhibitor, MG132, was added to the seedlings (Fig. 8E). Furthermore, stability was increased in both the wild type and the mutant when we used another marker protein, axr3-1NT-GUS (Gray et al., 2001), which has a mutation in the domain responsible for its degradation (data not shown). These results suggest that the mutation in the HLR gene stabilizes the AUX/IAA proteins, and that the HLR gene is required for proteasome activity in the post-embryonic meristem

Ueda M, Matsui K, Ishiguro S, Sano R, Wada T, Paponov I, Palme K, Okada K - The HALTED ROOT gene encoding the 26S proteasome subunit RPT2a is essential for the maintenance of Arabidopsis meristems

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As HEN3 acts similarly to AG in flower development

Wang W, Chen X - HUA ENHANCER3 reveals a role for a cyclin-dependent protein kinase in the specification of floral organ identity in Arabidopsis

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HEN3 has functions overlapping with, but not identical to, those of AG in organ identity specification

Wang W, Chen X - HUA ENHANCER3 reveals a role for a cyclin-dependent protein kinase in the specification of floral organ identity in Arabidopsis

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all three hen3 alleles resulted in the reduction of leaf size ... This and the fact that HEN3 encodes a CDK raised the question of whether HEN3 plays a direct role in cell division

Wang W, Chen X - HUA ENHANCER3 reveals a role for a cyclin-dependent protein kinase in the specification of floral organ identity in Arabidopsis

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TTL might function as a negative regulator to modulate BR-mediated plant growth

Nam KH, Li J - The Arabidopsis transthyretin-like protein is a potential substrate of BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1

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The full-length GRF1 and GRF2 proteins fused to GAL4-DBD activated the expression of the HIS3 and LacZ reporter genes, enabling the yeast transformants to grow on medium lacking His and to show a positive β-galactosidase reaction (Fig. 1, constructs 1F and 2F). This result indicates that GRF1 ... act as transcription activators

Kim JH, Kende H - A transcriptional coactivator, AtGIF1, is involved in regulating leaf growth and morphology in Arabidopsis

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The full-length GRF1 and GRF2 proteins fused to GAL4-DBD activated the expression of the HIS3 and LacZ reporter genes, enabling the yeast transformants to grow on medium lacking His and to show a positive β-galactosidase reaction (Fig. 1, constructs 1F and 2F). This result indicates that ... GRF2 act as transcription activators

Kim JH, Kende H - A transcriptional coactivator, AtGIF1, is involved in regulating leaf growth and morphology in Arabidopsis

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When fused to GAL4-DBD, the full-length GIF1 proteins activated the transcription of the HIS3 and LacZ reporter genes

Kim JH, Kende H - A transcriptional coactivator, AtGIF1, is involved in regulating leaf growth and morphology in Arabidopsis

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Whereas the fission yeast eIF3e/Int6 subunit plays a role in protein ubiquitination (Yen et al., 2003), no difference in overall ubiquitination levels was observed in the Arabidopsis eif3h-1 mutant

Kim TH, Kim BH, Yahalom A, Chamovitz DA, von Arnim AG - Translational regulation via 5' mRNA leader sequences revealed by mutational analysis of the Arabidopsis translation initiation factor subunit eIF3h

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Considering that disruption of eIF3h was not lethal and that other subunits of eIF3 remained stable in the absence of the h subunit, we tested whether eIF3h might be dispensable for translation. To this end, eif3h-1 and wild-type translation products were pulse labeled in vivo with 35S-Met and 35S-Cys followed by SDS-PAGE of equal amounts of proteins and autoradiography (Figure 7A). However, no reduction in the overall incorporation of labeled amino acids was detected in the eif3h-1 mutant

Kim TH, Kim BH, Yahalom A, Chamovitz DA, von Arnim AG - Translational regulation via 5' mRNA leader sequences revealed by mutational analysis of the Arabidopsis translation initiation factor subunit eIF3h

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These results indicate that the sugar signaling pathway is hypersensitized in the eif3h-1 mutant

Kim TH, Kim BH, Yahalom A, Chamovitz DA, von Arnim AG - Translational regulation via 5' mRNA leader sequences revealed by mutational analysis of the Arabidopsis translation initiation factor subunit eIF3h

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bop1 ... The leaf phenotypes of the mutant suggested that the mutation played a critical role in leaf ... patterning

Norberg M, Holmlund M, Nilsson O - The BLADE ON PETIOLE genes act redundantly to control the growth and development of lateral organs

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bop1 ... The leaf phenotypes of the mutant suggested that the mutation played a critical role in leaf development

Norberg M, Holmlund M, Nilsson O - The BLADE ON PETIOLE genes act redundantly to control the growth and development of lateral organs

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The SWP gene, for example, is involved in ... the leaf primordium ... without affecting cell division rates

Clay NK, Nelson T - The recessive epigenetic swellmap mutation affects the expression of two step II splicing factors required for the transcription of the cell proliferation gene STRUWWELPETER and for the timing of cell cycle arrest in the Arabidopsis leaf

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CYCD3;1 ... important for the initiation of cell division at the G1 phase in leaves

Clay NK, Nelson T - The recessive epigenetic swellmap mutation affects the expression of two step II splicing factors required for the transcription of the cell proliferation gene STRUWWELPETER and for the timing of cell cycle arrest in the Arabidopsis leaf

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The SWP gene, for example, is involved in defining the duration of the cell proliferation phase in the leaf primordium

Clay NK, Nelson T - The recessive epigenetic swellmap mutation affects the expression of two step II splicing factors required for the transcription of the cell proliferation gene STRUWWELPETER and for the timing of cell cycle arrest in the Arabidopsis leaf

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The tasiRNA biogenesis pathway corresponds to a fourth type of small RNA-generating system that involves factors required in two of the three systems previously reported in plants (10, 41). It involves DCL1, a miRNA-generating pathway component

Williams L, Carles CC, Osmont KS, Fletcher JC - A database analysis method identifies an endogenous trans-acting short-interfering RNA that targets the Arabidopsis ARF2, ARF3, and ARF4 genes

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DCL1, a miRNA-generating pathway component

Williams L, Carles CC, Osmont KS, Fletcher JC - A database analysis method identifies an endogenous trans-acting short-interfering RNA that targets the Arabidopsis ARF2, ARF3, and ARF4 genes

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RDR6, a factor required by the exogenous siRNA-generating pathway

Williams L, Carles CC, Osmont KS, Fletcher JC - A database analysis method identifies an endogenous trans-acting short-interfering RNA that targets the Arabidopsis ARF2, ARF3, and ARF4 genes

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The tasiRNA biogenesis pathway corresponds to a fourth type of small RNA-generating system that involves factors required in two of the three systems previously reported in plants (10, 41). It involves ... RDR6, a factor required by the exogenous siRNA-generating pathway

Williams L, Carles CC, Osmont KS, Fletcher JC - A database analysis method identifies an endogenous trans-acting short-interfering RNA that targets the Arabidopsis ARF2, ARF3, and ARF4 genes

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The present results indicate that the strongest aba1 alleles cause severe effects on ... physiological responses

Barrero JM, Piqueras P, González-Guzmán M, Serrano R, Rodríguez PL, Ponce MR, Micol JL - A mutational analysis of the ABA1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana highlights the involvement of ABA in vegetative development

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aba1 alleles cause severe effects on both plant morphology

Barrero JM, Piqueras P, González-Guzmán M, Serrano R, Rodríguez PL, Ponce MR, Micol JL - A mutational analysis of the ABA1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana highlights the involvement of ABA in vegetative development

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NPH4/ARF7 and ARF19 are closely related and function redundantly in ... leaf expansion

Ellis CM, Nagpal P, Young JC, Hagen G, Guilfoyle TJ, Reed JW - AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR1 and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR2 regulate senescence and floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana

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suggesting that ARF2 may also function early in leaf development during leaf expansion

Ellis CM, Nagpal P, Young JC, Hagen G, Guilfoyle TJ, Reed JW - AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR1 and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR2 regulate senescence and floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana

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NPH4/ARF7 and ARF19 are closely related and function redundantly in ... leaf expansion

Ellis CM, Nagpal P, Young JC, Hagen G, Guilfoyle TJ, Reed JW - AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR1 and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR2 regulate senescence and floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana

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SE activity is required for ... control of SAM size

Grigg SP, Canales C, Hay A, Tsiantis M - SERRATE coordinates shoot meristem function and leaf axial patterning in Arabidopsis

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These data suggest that SE ... correctly ... define the adaxial domain in leaves

Grigg SP, Canales C, Hay A, Tsiantis M - SERRATE coordinates shoot meristem function and leaf axial patterning in Arabidopsis

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SE activity is required for ... correct axial patterning of leaves

Grigg SP, Canales C, Hay A, Tsiantis M - SERRATE coordinates shoot meristem function and leaf axial patterning in Arabidopsis

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dexamethasone (Dex)-inducible system ... Arabidopsis transgenic plants that can express geminivirus RepA protein (RepAwt) in an inducible manner ... altering RBR/E2F-mediated gene expression ... in the ... leaves ... at an earlier stage ... cells are in the process to switch to the endocycle/differentiation program ... treated ... with Dex ... showed only a slight enhancement of the endocycle program ... Five days after treatment this effect could not be observed any more and the ploidy profile of RepAwt-producing plants was comparable to that of the controls

Desvoyes B, Ramirez-Parra E, Xie Q, Chua NH, Gutierrez C - Cell type-specific role of the retinoblastoma/E2F pathway during Arabidopsis leaf development

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dexamethasone (Dex)-inducible system ... Arabidopsis transgenic plants that can express geminivirus RepA protein (RepAwt) in an inducible manner ... altering RBR/E2F-mediated gene expression ... in the oldest leaves ... have already undergone endocycles ... treated ... plants with Dex ... Nuclei ... were stimulated to develop more endocycles

Desvoyes B, Ramirez-Parra E, Xie Q, Chua NH, Gutierrez C - Cell type-specific role of the retinoblastoma/E2F pathway during Arabidopsis leaf development

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BDG is involved in the pathway responsible for the formation of either the cuticular layer of the cell wall or the cuticle proper

Kurdyukov S, Faust A, Nawrath C, Bär S, Voisin D, Efremova N, Franke R, Schreiber L, Saedler H, Métraux JP, Yephremov A - The epidermis-specific extracellular BODYGUARD controls cuticle development and morphogenesis in Arabidopsis

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Using an antibody against the tagged BB protein reveals that at least some of the ubiquitin chains assemble on BB itself (Figure 4L). Both E3 activity and apparent autoubiquitination were also observed when a GST-BB fusion protein was used (data not shown). BB autoubiquitination is consistent with the rapid proteasomal turnover of the BB-GUS fusion protein in transgenic plants

Disch S, Anastasiou E, Sharma VK, Laux T, Fletcher JC, Lenhard M - The E3 ubiquitin ligase BIG BROTHER controls arabidopsis organ size in a dosage-dependent manner

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We tested for E3 activity of recombinant BB in in vitro ubiquitin-ligase assays, using Arabidopsis UBC10 as E2 because it interacted with the BB RING finger in a yeast two-hybrid screen and is expressed throughout the plant similar to BB itself (Figures S7A and 7B). Depending on the presence of both E1 and E2, His6-tagged BB protein catalyzes the formation of high-molecular-weight ubiquitin chains (Ubn; Figure 4K, lanes 1, 2, and 5). This activity is abolished by the C197S,C200S mutations in the BB RING-finger domain

Disch S, Anastasiou E, Sharma VK, Laux T, Fletcher JC, Lenhard M - The E3 ubiquitin ligase BIG BROTHER controls arabidopsis organ size in a dosage-dependent manner

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ICU4 product has an adaxializing function

Ochando I, Jover-Gil S, Ripoll JJ, Candela H, Vera A, Ponce MR, Martínez-Laborda A, Micol JL - Mutations in the microRNA complementarity site of the INCURVATA4 gene perturb meristem function and adaxialize lateral organs in arabidopsis

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determinants of abaxial fate are the redundantly acting AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR genes ETTIN (ETT)/ARF3 and ARF4

Garcia D, Collier SA, Byrne ME, Martienssen RA - Specification of leaf polarity in Arabidopsis via the trans-acting siRNA pathway

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determinants of abaxial fate are the redundantly acting AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR genes ETTIN (ETT)/ARF3 and ARF4

Garcia D, Collier SA, Byrne ME, Martienssen RA - Specification of leaf polarity in Arabidopsis via the trans-acting siRNA pathway

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PHABULOSA ... specifying adaxial identity

Garcia D, Collier SA, Byrne ME, Martienssen RA - Specification of leaf polarity in Arabidopsis via the trans-acting siRNA pathway

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REVOLUTA ... specifying adaxial identity

Garcia D, Collier SA, Byrne ME, Martienssen RA - Specification of leaf polarity in Arabidopsis via the trans-acting siRNA pathway

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RDR6 is required for the generation of trans-acting small interfering RNA (ta-siRNA)

Garcia D, Collier SA, Byrne ME, Martienssen RA - Specification of leaf polarity in Arabidopsis via the trans-acting siRNA pathway

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PHAVOLUTA ... specifying adaxial identity

Garcia D, Collier SA, Byrne ME, Martienssen RA - Specification of leaf polarity in Arabidopsis via the trans-acting siRNA pathway

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determinants of abaxial fate are the ... members of the YABBY gene family, which encode HMG-box zinc-finger proteins, most notably FILAMENTOUS FLOWER (FIL)/YAB1 and YAB3

Garcia D, Collier SA, Byrne ME, Martienssen RA - Specification of leaf polarity in Arabidopsis via the trans-acting siRNA pathway

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determinants of abaxial fate are the ... members of the YABBY gene family, which encode HMG-box zinc-finger proteins, most notably FILAMENTOUS FLOWER (FIL)/YAB1 and YAB3

Garcia D, Collier SA, Byrne ME, Martienssen RA - Specification of leaf polarity in Arabidopsis via the trans-acting siRNA pathway

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These results indicate that SCA3 is required early in development to establish autotrophic growth

Hricová A, Quesada V, Micol JL - The SCABRA3 nuclear gene encodes the plastid RpoTp RNA polymerase, which is required for chloroplast biogenesis and mesophyll cell proliferation in Arabidopsis

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A comparison of the growth kinetics of fifth rosette leaves revealed that size differences among ARL transgenic leaves resulted mainly from an altered growth rate rather than an alteration in the duration of growth (Figure 3c). This is in contrast to that previously observed in ARGOS transgenic plants (Hu et al., 2003

Hu Y, Poh HM, Chua NH - The Arabidopsis ARGOS-LIKE gene regulates cell expansion during organ growth

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A comparison of the growth kinetics of fifth rosette leaves revealed that size differences among ARL transgenic leaves resulted mainly from an altered growth rate rather than an alteration in the duration of growth (Figure 3c). This is in contrast to that previously observed in ARGOS transgenic plants (Hu et al., 2003

Hu Y, Poh HM, Chua NH - The Arabidopsis ARGOS-LIKE gene regulates cell expansion during organ growth

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TCH4 gene ... plays a role in the cell expansion process

Hu Y, Poh HM, Chua NH - The Arabidopsis ARGOS-LIKE gene regulates cell expansion during organ growth

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ARGOS, which controls later organ growth by affecting the duration of cell proliferation

Hu Y, Poh HM, Chua NH - The Arabidopsis ARGOS-LIKE gene regulates cell expansion during organ growth

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Heterologous expression in oocytes in conjunction with 2-DOG uptake assays support the predicted hexose transport activity of SGB1

Wang HX, Weerasinghe RR, Perdue TD, Cakmakci NG, Taylor JP, Marzluff WF, Jones AM - A Golgi-localized hexose transporter is involved in heterotrimeric G protein-mediated early development in Arabidopsis

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HVE/CAND1 protein of Arabidopsis regulates the activity of the SCF complexes by binding CUL1

Alonso-Peral MM, Candela H, del Pozo JC, Martínez-Laborda A, Ponce MR, Micol JL - The HVE/CAND1 gene is required for the early patterning of leaf venation in Arabidopsis

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involvement of HVE in auxin responsiveness

Alonso-Peral MM, Candela H, del Pozo JC, Martínez-Laborda A, Ponce MR, Micol JL - The HVE/CAND1 gene is required for the early patterning of leaf venation in Arabidopsis

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HVE ... role in vascular development

Alonso-Peral MM, Candela H, del Pozo JC, Martínez-Laborda A, Ponce MR, Micol JL - The HVE/CAND1 gene is required for the early patterning of leaf venation in Arabidopsis

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role of CVP1 in the venation patterning of vegetative leaves had remained unnoticed before

Alonso-Peral MM, Candela H, del Pozo JC, Martínez-Laborda A, Ponce MR, Micol JL - The HVE/CAND1 gene is required for the early patterning of leaf venation in Arabidopsis

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GL3 controls trichome branching via the control of endoreduplication

Exner V, Taranto P, Schönrock N, Gruissem W, Hennig L - Chromatin assembly factor CAF-1 is required for cellular differentiation during plant development

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Because FAS2 and GL3 had an additive rather than epistatic interaction, CAF-1 acts in a pathway genetically parallel to the GL3-containing endoreduplication pathway

Exner V, Taranto P, Schönrock N, Gruissem W, Hennig L - Chromatin assembly factor CAF-1 is required for cellular differentiation during plant development

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CAF-1 controls trichome branching via a pathway that is independent of DNA endoreduplication

Exner V, Taranto P, Schönrock N, Gruissem W, Hennig L - Chromatin assembly factor CAF-1 is required for cellular differentiation during plant development

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These results demonstrate that FAS1, FAS2 and MSI1 function in the same genetic pathway to control trichome development, possibly by acting together in the CAF-1 complex

Exner V, Taranto P, Schönrock N, Gruissem W, Hennig L - Chromatin assembly factor CAF-1 is required for cellular differentiation during plant development

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These results show that CAF-1 is required not only to control cell proliferation in the SAM, RAM and hypocotyls, but also for normal cell proliferation in expanding rosette leaves

Exner V, Taranto P, Schönrock N, Gruissem W, Hennig L - Chromatin assembly factor CAF-1 is required for cellular differentiation during plant development

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LNG1 ... involved in directing leaf morphology by activating longitudinal cell expansion

Lee YK, Kim GT, Kim IJ, Park J, Kwak SS, Choi G, Chung WI - LONGIFOLIA1 and LONGIFOLIA2, two homologous genes, regulate longitudinal cell elongation in Arabidopsis

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LNG2 ... involved in directing leaf morphology by activating longitudinal cell expansion

Lee YK, Kim GT, Kim IJ, Park J, Kwak SS, Choi G, Chung WI - LONGIFOLIA1 and LONGIFOLIA2, two homologous genes, regulate longitudinal cell elongation in Arabidopsis

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CUC2 is required for the serration of wild-type Ler and Col leaves

Nikovics K, Blein T, Peaucelle A, Ishida T, Morin H, Aida M, Laufs P - The balance between the MIR164A and CUC2 genes controls leaf margin serration in Arabidopsis

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a role for TRN2 in SAM function

Chiu WH, Chandler J, Cnops G, Van Lijsebettens M, Werr W - Mutations in the TORNADO2 gene affect cellular decisions in the peripheral zone of the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana

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The rescue of yeast nsr1 mutants by PARL1 suggests a functional role for the Arabidopsis nucleolin in the process responsible for the growth defects characteristic of nsr1 mutants, which has been attributed to defects in 35S pre-rRNA processing

Petricka JJ, Nelson TM - Arabidopsis nucleolin affects plant development and patterning

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These results show that PARL1 of Arabidopsis, like its yeast homolog NSR1, participates in 35S pre-rRNA processing

Petricka JJ, Nelson TM - Arabidopsis nucleolin affects plant development and patterning

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These alterations in Athb8:GUS ex- pression suggest PARL1 acts early in vein patterning

Petricka JJ, Nelson TM - Arabidopsis nucleolin affects plant development and patterning

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PARL1 is involved in plant growth

Petricka JJ, Nelson TM - Arabidopsis nucleolin affects plant development and patterning

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AtOFP1 has a role in regulating cell elongation

Wang S, Chang Y, Guo J, Chen JG - Arabidopsis Ovate Family Protein 1 is a transcriptional repressor that suppresses cell elongation

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AtOFP1 can work both up- and downstream of an activator to repress reporter gene expression when it is targeted to the DNA binding site in the promoter

Wang S, Chang Y, Guo J, Chen JG - Arabidopsis Ovate Family Protein 1 is a transcriptional repressor that suppresses cell elongation

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Mass spectrometry analysis of histone H4 methylated by PHRMT5 revealed that methylation occurred at histone H4R3 in both mono- and dimethylated manners based on the peptide corresponding to the first five amino acids of histone H4

Pei Y, Niu L, Lu F, Liu C, Zhai J, Kong X, Cao X - Mutations in the Type II protein arginine methyltransferase AtPRMT5 result in pleiotropic developmental defects in Arabidopsis

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To substantiate the methyltransferase activity of AtPRMT5, recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST)-AtPRMT5 fusion protein was analyzed. Figure 3A showed both Coomassie blue-stained gels (a and c) and autoradiographs (b and d) of the proteins methylated in the reactions. Among the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) assayed, H4 was preferentially methylated and H2A was also methylated in vitro (Fig. 3A, b). In addition to histones, nonhistone protein MBP was also the substrate of AtPRMT5 (Fig. 3A, d). PHRMT5 mono- and dimethylated histone H4R3 and PRMT5 in animals could symmetrically dimethylate histone H4R3. Therefore, to determine whether AtPRMT5 also showed the same type II methyltransferase specificity, western blotting was performed and calf thymus histone methylated by AtPRMT5 was recognized by the antibody against symmetric dimethyl histone H4R3 (Fig. 3B), as was calf thymus histone methylated by PHRMT5 (Fig. 3C). To further confirm that AtPRMT5 was a type II methyltransferase, a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) assay was performed after acidic hydrolysis of histone H4 that was methylated by AtPRMT5 in the presence of 3H-labeled S-adenosyl-l-Met (SAM). Compared with MMA and either ADMA or SDMA standards, we observed that the 3H-labeled methylated Args comigrated with both MMA and SDMA, but not ADMA (Fig. 3D). Hence, the mass spectrometry analysis, western blot, and TLC analysis support the conclusion that both AtPRMT5 and PHRMT5 mono- and symmetrically dimethylate histone H4 at R3 and that AtPRMT5 is a bona fide type II PRMT

Pei Y, Niu L, Lu F, Liu C, Zhai J, Kong X, Cao X - Mutations in the Type II protein arginine methyltransferase AtPRMT5 result in pleiotropic developmental defects in Arabidopsis

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These data indicate that BOP1 and BOP2 play redundant roles in adaxial-abaxial polarity specification in the leaf petiole and that their activity largely overlaps with that of AS1 and AS2

Ha CM, Jun JH, Nam HG, Fletcher JC - BLADE-ON-PETIOLE 1 and 2 control Arabidopsis lateral organ fate through regulation of LOB domain and adaxial-abaxial polarity genes

• Process

These data indicate that BOP1 and BOP2 play redundant roles in adaxial-abaxial polarity specification in the leaf petiole and that their activity largely overlaps with that of AS1 and AS2

Ha CM, Jun JH, Nam HG, Fletcher JC - BLADE-ON-PETIOLE 1 and 2 control Arabidopsis lateral organ fate through regulation of LOB domain and adaxial-abaxial polarity genes

• Process

This observation suggests that KAN1 and KAN2 also contribute to the establishment of adaxial cell identity

Ha CM, Jun JH, Nam HG, Fletcher JC - BLADE-ON-PETIOLE 1 and 2 control Arabidopsis lateral organ fate through regulation of LOB domain and adaxial-abaxial polarity genes

• Process

These data indicate that BOP1 and BOP2 play redundant roles in adaxial-abaxial polarity specification in the leaf petiole and that their activity largely overlaps with that of AS1 and AS2

Ha CM, Jun JH, Nam HG, Fletcher JC - BLADE-ON-PETIOLE 1 and 2 control Arabidopsis lateral organ fate through regulation of LOB domain and adaxial-abaxial polarity genes

• Process

This observation suggests that KAN1 and KAN2 also contribute to the establishment of adaxial cell identity

Ha CM, Jun JH, Nam HG, Fletcher JC - BLADE-ON-PETIOLE 1 and 2 control Arabidopsis lateral organ fate through regulation of LOB domain and adaxial-abaxial polarity genes

• Process

In summary, in situ hybridization data from bop1 bop2, bop1 bop2 as2, bop1 bop2 as1, and bop1 bop2 kan1 kan2 rosette leaves indicate that BOP1 and BOP2 act to specify adaxial organ identity

Ha CM, Jun JH, Nam HG, Fletcher JC - BLADE-ON-PETIOLE 1 and 2 control Arabidopsis lateral organ fate through regulation of LOB domain and adaxial-abaxial polarity genes

• Process

These data indicate that BOP1 and BOP2 play redundant roles in adaxial-abaxial polarity specification in the leaf petiole and that their activity largely overlaps with that of AS1 and AS2

Ha CM, Jun JH, Nam HG, Fletcher JC - BLADE-ON-PETIOLE 1 and 2 control Arabidopsis lateral organ fate through regulation of LOB domain and adaxial-abaxial polarity genes

• Process

In summary, in situ hybridization data from bop1 bop2, bop1 bop2 as2, bop1 bop2 as1, and bop1 bop2 kan1 kan2 rosette leaves indicate that BOP1 and BOP2 act to specify adaxial organ identity

Ha CM, Jun JH, Nam HG, Fletcher JC - BLADE-ON-PETIOLE 1 and 2 control Arabidopsis lateral organ fate through regulation of LOB domain and adaxial-abaxial polarity genes

• Process

we hypothesized that AXL may also be part of a RUB E1 enzyme

Dharmasiri N, Dharmasiri S, Weijers D, Karunarathna N, Jurgens G, Estelle M - AXL and AXR1 have redundant functions in RUB conjugation and growth and development in Arabidopsis

• Process

the normal function of CYCD3 is to delay the onset of endoreduplication by extending the “mitotic window” of leaf development during which cell division normally occurs

Dewitte W, Scofield S, Alcasabas AA, Maughan SC, Menges M, Braun N, Collins C, Nieuwland J, Prinsen E, Sundaresan V, Murray JA - Arabidopsis CYCD3 D-type cyclins link cell proliferation and endocycles and are rate-limiting for cytokinin responses

• Process

CYCD3 activity plays a significant role in determining the cell number comprising leaves

Dewitte W, Scofield S, Alcasabas AA, Maughan SC, Menges M, Braun N, Collins C, Nieuwland J, Prinsen E, Sundaresan V, Murray JA - Arabidopsis CYCD3 D-type cyclins link cell proliferation and endocycles and are rate-limiting for cytokinin responses

• Process

the normal function of CYCD3 is to delay the onset of endoreduplication by extending the “mitotic window” of leaf development during which cell division normally occurs

Dewitte W, Scofield S, Alcasabas AA, Maughan SC, Menges M, Braun N, Collins C, Nieuwland J, Prinsen E, Sundaresan V, Murray JA - Arabidopsis CYCD3 D-type cyclins link cell proliferation and endocycles and are rate-limiting for cytokinin responses

• Process

CYCD3 activity plays a significant role in determining the cell number comprising leaves

Dewitte W, Scofield S, Alcasabas AA, Maughan SC, Menges M, Braun N, Collins C, Nieuwland J, Prinsen E, Sundaresan V, Murray JA - Arabidopsis CYCD3 D-type cyclins link cell proliferation and endocycles and are rate-limiting for cytokinin responses

• Process

CYCD3 activity plays a significant role in determining the cell number comprising leaves

Dewitte W, Scofield S, Alcasabas AA, Maughan SC, Menges M, Braun N, Collins C, Nieuwland J, Prinsen E, Sundaresan V, Murray JA - Arabidopsis CYCD3 D-type cyclins link cell proliferation and endocycles and are rate-limiting for cytokinin responses

• Process

the normal function of CYCD3 is to delay the onset of endoreduplication by extending the “mitotic window” of leaf development during which cell division normally occurs

Dewitte W, Scofield S, Alcasabas AA, Maughan SC, Menges M, Braun N, Collins C, Nieuwland J, Prinsen E, Sundaresan V, Murray JA - Arabidopsis CYCD3 D-type cyclins link cell proliferation and endocycles and are rate-limiting for cytokinin responses

• Process

SIZ1 ... SUMO E3 ligase

Catala R, Ouyang J, Abreu IA, Hu Y, Seo H, Zhang X, Chua NH - The Arabidopsis E3 SUMO ligase SIZ1 regulates plant growth and drought responses

• Process

These results indicate that SIZ1, and therefore the sumoylation process, plays an important role in Arabidopsis cell expansion

Catala R, Ouyang J, Abreu IA, Hu Y, Seo H, Zhang X, Chua NH - The Arabidopsis E3 SUMO ligase SIZ1 regulates plant growth and drought responses

• Process

These results indicate that SIZ1, and therefore the sumoylation process, plays an important role in Arabidopsis cell ... proliferation

Catala R, Ouyang J, Abreu IA, Hu Y, Seo H, Zhang X, Chua NH - The Arabidopsis E3 SUMO ligase SIZ1 regulates plant growth and drought responses

• Process

these data suggest that MID function is required for DNA endoreduplication

Kirik V, Schrader A, Uhrig JF, Hulskamp M - MIDGET unravels functions of the Arabidopsis topoisomerase VI complex in DNA endoreduplication, chromatin condensation, and transcriptional silencing

• Process

These analyses show that DA1 functions to limit the period of proliferative growth during early stages of organ development and controls the time taken for most organs to reach their final size

Li Y, Zheng L, Corke F, Smith C, Bevan MW - Control of final seed and organ size by the DA1 gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

Big Brother (BB) locus (At3g63530), encoding an E3 ubiquitin ligase

Li Y, Zheng L, Corke F, Smith C, Bevan MW - Control of final seed and organ size by the DA1 gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

To test whether mutation in da1-1 affects the predicted ubiquitin-binding activity of DA1, we expressed full-length GST-DA1 and GST-DA1R358K fusion proteins in Escherichia coli, incubated protein extracts with ubiquitin–agarose beads, and identified bound proteins using DA1 antibody. No significant difference in ubiquitin-binding activity between GST-DA1 and GST-DA1R358K was detected (Fig. 4C), demonstrating that the da1-1 mutation does not affect DA1 ubiquitin binding

Li Y, Zheng L, Corke F, Smith C, Bevan MW - Control of final seed and organ size by the DA1 gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

To verify that UBP15 is a bona fide de-ubiquitinating enzyme, GST-fused UBP15 or two mutated forms (with the conserved catalytic Cys447 changed to Ala or Ser) were co-expressed with the model substrates, His-tagged UBQ1 (ubiquitin extension protein) or His-tagged UBQ10 (hexameric polyubiquitin) in Escherichia coli. Immunoblot analysis with the anti-ubiquitin antibody showed that UBP15 was capable of cleaving the two substrates, and that Cys447 is essential for this DUB activity

Liu Y, Wang F, Zhang H, He H, Ma L, Deng XW - Functional characterization of the Arabidopsis ubiquitin-specific protease gene family reveals specific role and redundancy of individual members in development

• Process

ARGONAUTE1 (AGO), the gene encoding the main slicer responsible for miRNA-directed transcript cleavage in Arabidop- sis

Wang JW, Schwab R, Czech B, Mica E, Weigel D - Dual effects of miR156-targeted SPL genes and CYP78A5/KLUH on plastochron length and organ size in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

CYP78A5, also known as KLUH, has recently been implicated in growth regulation

Wang JW, Schwab R, Czech B, Mica E, Weigel D - Dual effects of miR156-targeted SPL genes and CYP78A5/KLUH on plastochron length and organ size in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

Based on overexpression experiments, the SPL3 gene has been implicated primarily in the regulation of flowering time and phase change (Cardon et al., 1997; Wu and Poethig, 2006

Wang JW, Schwab R, Czech B, Mica E, Weigel D - Dual effects of miR156-targeted SPL genes and CYP78A5/KLUH on plastochron length and organ size in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

Cytokinin molecules bind to the purified protein efficiently as indicated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) of purified TAP-HOG1 and various cytokinins

Godge MR, Kumar D, Kumar PP - Arabidopsis HOG1 gene and its petunia homolog PETCBP act as key regulators of yield parameters

• Process

ARF2 acted as a repressor in our system

Vert G, Walcher CL, Chory J, Nemhauser JL - Integration of auxin and brassinosteroid pathways by Auxin Response Factor 2

• Process

Coexpression of BIN2 with ARF2-LexA completely alleviated ARF2 transcriptional repression activity

Vert G, Walcher CL, Chory J, Nemhauser JL - Integration of auxin and brassinosteroid pathways by Auxin Response Factor 2

• Process

The activity of Arabidopsis PPAT has been previously assayed by adding different combinations of recombinant enzymes to a reaction mixture containing pantothenate, ATP, Mg2+, Cys, and dithiothreitol (DTT; Kupke et al., 2003). For instance, a mixture of CoaA, CoaB, CoaC, and PPAT was able to catalyze the synthesis of dPCoA. When CoaC was omitted from the assay, dPCoA was not generated, which indicates that PPAT does not accept 4′-phosphopantothenoyl-Cys as a substrate (produced by the combined action of CoaA and CoaB

Rubio S, Whitehead L, Larson TR, Graham IA, Rodriguez PL - The coenzyme a biosynthetic enzyme phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase plays a crucial role in plant growth, salt/osmotic stress resistance, and seed lipid storage

• Process

PPAT catalyzes the reversible transfer of an adenylyl group from Mg2+-ATP to 4′-phosphopantetheine to form dPCoA and PPi

Rubio S, Whitehead L, Larson TR, Graham IA, Rodriguez PL - The coenzyme a biosynthetic enzyme phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase plays a crucial role in plant growth, salt/osmotic stress resistance, and seed lipid storage

• Process

LOX2 encodes a ... lipoxygenase that catalyses the conversion of α-linolenic acid (18:3) into (13S)-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoic acid, the first dedicated step in the biosynthesis of the oxylipin JA

Schommer C, Palatnik JF, Aggarwal P, Chételat A, Cubas P, Farmer EE, Nath U, Weigel D - Control of jasmonate biosynthesis and senescence by miR319 targets

• Process

WUS have ... functions in maintaining SAM activity

Leasure CD, Fiume E, Fletcher JC - The essential gene EMB1611 maintains shoot apical meristem function during Arabidopsis development

• Process

EMB1611 ... have ... functions in maintaining SAM activity

Leasure CD, Fiume E, Fletcher JC - The essential gene EMB1611 maintains shoot apical meristem function during Arabidopsis development

• Process

PLDε is ... involved in growth promotion

Hong Y, Devaiah SP, Bahn SC, Thamasandra BN, Li M, Welti R, Wang X - Phospholipase D epsilon and phosphatidic acid enhance Arabidopsis nitrogen signaling and growth

• Process

EXO is required for cell expansion

Schröder F, Lisso J, Lange P, Müssig C - The extracellular EXO protein mediates cell expansion in Arabidopsis leaves

• Process

THE1 ... is a ... receptor kinase

Guo H, Li L, Ye H, Yu X, Algreen A, Yin Y - Three related receptor-like kinases are required for optimal cell elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

The kinase activity of HERK1 was tested with recombinant proteins expressed and purified from Escherichia coli. The WT kinase domain of HERK1 was autophosphorylated, whereas a mutant form, in which a conserved lysine was mutated to arginine (K513R), lost its kinase activity in vitro (Fig. 1F

Guo H, Li L, Ye H, Yu X, Algreen A, Yin Y - Three related receptor-like kinases are required for optimal cell elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

FER ... is a ... receptor kinase

Guo H, Li L, Ye H, Yu X, Algreen A, Yin Y - Three related receptor-like kinases are required for optimal cell elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

BIN2 functions redundantly with ... BIL2 in regulating BR signaling, with BIN2 playing a dominant role

Yan Z, Zhao J, Peng P, Chihara RK, Li J - BIN2 functions redundantly with other Arabidopsis GSK3-like kinases to regulate brassinosteroid signaling

• Process

BIN2 functions redundantly with BIL1 ... in regulating BR signaling, with BIN2 playing a dominant role

Yan Z, Zhao J, Peng P, Chihara RK, Li J - BIN2 functions redundantly with other Arabidopsis GSK3-like kinases to regulate brassinosteroid signaling

• Process

EPF2 appears to ... regulate the asymmetric divisions that lead to meristemoid proliferation

Hunt L, Gray JE - The signaling peptide EPF2 controls asymmetric cell divisions during stomatal development

• Process

EPF2 appears to act early in stomatal development

Hunt L, Gray JE - The signaling peptide EPF2 controls asymmetric cell divisions during stomatal development

• Process

UVR8 is required for normal progression of the endocycle in Arabidopsis as part of the UV-B response

Wargent JJ, Gegas VC, Jenkins GI, Doonan JH, Paul ND - UVR8 in Arabidopsis thaliana regulates multiple aspects of cellular differentiation during leaf development in response to ultraviolet B radiation

• Process

the observed reductions in leaf area in both wild type and uvr8 in Arabidopsis are caused principally by the marked decrease in epidermal cell number per leaf, thus indicating that such a reduction is substantially independent of UVR8

Wargent JJ, Gegas VC, Jenkins GI, Doonan JH, Paul ND - UVR8 in Arabidopsis thaliana regulates multiple aspects of cellular differentiation during leaf development in response to ultraviolet B radiation

• Process

a role for UVR8 in stomatal development

Wargent JJ, Gegas VC, Jenkins GI, Doonan JH, Paul ND - UVR8 in Arabidopsis thaliana regulates multiple aspects of cellular differentiation during leaf development in response to ultraviolet B radiation

• Process

EPF2 inhibits protodermal cells from acquiring the MMC character

Hara K, Yokoo T, Kajita R, Onishi T, Yahata S, Peterson KM, Torii KU, Kakimoto T - Epidermal cell density is autoregulated via a secretory peptide, EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR 2 in Arabidopsis leaves

• Process

it is possible that EPF2 overexpression blocks entry into the stomatal lineage

Hara K, Yokoo T, Kajita R, Onishi T, Yahata S, Peterson KM, Torii KU, Kakimoto T - Epidermal cell density is autoregulated via a secretory peptide, EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR 2 in Arabidopsis leaves

• Process

EMB1303 may function in plastid differentiation

Huang X, Zhang X, Yang S - A novel chloroplast-localized protein EMB1303 is required for chloroplast development in Arabidopsis

• Process

SMO2 affects G2–M phase progression in cell cycles

Hu Z, Qin Z, Wang M, Xu C, Feng G, Liu J, Meng Z, Hu Y - The Arabidopsis SMO2, a homologue of yeast TRM112, modulates progression of cell division during organ growth

• Process

This suggests that miR396 could also be a marker along the longitudinal axis of a single organ

Rodriguez RE, Mecchia MA, Debernardi JM, Schommer C, Weigel D, Palatnik JF - Control of cell proliferation in Arabidopsis thaliana by microRNA miR396

• Process

suggested functions of miR396 in SAM development and maintenance

Rodriguez RE, Mecchia MA, Debernardi JM, Schommer C, Weigel D, Palatnik JF - Control of cell proliferation in Arabidopsis thaliana by microRNA miR396

• Process

This suggests that miR396 could also be a marker along the longitudinal axis of a single organ

Rodriguez RE, Mecchia MA, Debernardi JM, Schommer C, Weigel D, Palatnik JF - Control of cell proliferation in Arabidopsis thaliana by microRNA miR396

• Process

effect of miR396 levels on the leaf parameters

Rodriguez RE, Mecchia MA, Debernardi JM, Schommer C, Weigel D, Palatnik JF - Control of cell proliferation in Arabidopsis thaliana by microRNA miR396

• Process

suggested functions of miR396 in SAM development and maintenance

Rodriguez RE, Mecchia MA, Debernardi JM, Schommer C, Weigel D, Palatnik JF - Control of cell proliferation in Arabidopsis thaliana by microRNA miR396

• Process

We revealed that AN3 plays a role in maintaining high cell proliferation activity in the distal meristematic region of leaf primordia during a period when lateral expansion of the leaf blade takes place

Ichihashi Y, Horiguchi G, Gleissberg S, Tsukaya H - The bHLH transcription factor SPATULA controls final leaf size in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

ETG1 is required for correct establishment of sister chromatid cohesion along chromosome arms, but not at centromeres

Takahashi N, Quimbaya M, Schubert V, Lammens T, Vandepoele K, Schubert I, Matsui M, Inzé D, Berx G, De Veylder L - The MCM-binding protein ETG1 aids sister chromatid cohesion required for postreplicative homologous recombination repair

• Process

ETG1 is required for sister chromatid cohesion and illustrate the importance of sister chromatid cohesion for correct development of plants lacking ETG1

Takahashi N, Quimbaya M, Schubert V, Lammens T, Vandepoele K, Schubert I, Matsui M, Inzé D, Berx G, De Veylder L - The MCM-binding protein ETG1 aids sister chromatid cohesion required for postreplicative homologous recombination repair

• Process

These data substantiate a role for ETG1 in sister chromatid cohesion and support the idea that cohesion might be important for homologous recombination repair

Takahashi N, Quimbaya M, Schubert V, Lammens T, Vandepoele K, Schubert I, Matsui M, Inzé D, Berx G, De Veylder L - The MCM-binding protein ETG1 aids sister chromatid cohesion required for postreplicative homologous recombination repair

• Process

CTF18 contributes to sister chromatid cohesion

Takahashi N, Quimbaya M, Schubert V, Lammens T, Vandepoele K, Schubert I, Matsui M, Inzé D, Berx G, De Veylder L - The MCM-binding protein ETG1 aids sister chromatid cohesion required for postreplicative homologous recombination repair

• Process

We tested whether the BOP proteins could stimulate transcription when tethered to DNA by assaying constructs consisting of the Gal4 DNA binding domain (BD) fused to either BOP1 (BD-BOP1) or BD-BOP2 (Figure 1A) in in vivo plant transcription assays (Huq et al., 2004). Transfection of unfused BOP1 or BOP2 did not generate luciferase activation beyond the baseline level of transcription (Figure 1B). By contrast, transfection with BD-BOP1 or BD-BOP2 activated transcription 11.2- and 8.6-fold above the baseline level, respectively (Figure 1B). Cotransfection of BD-BOP1 with BD-BOP2 produced similar fold induction values to those of BD-BOP1 or BD-BOP2 alone (Figure 1B). These results demonstrate that BOP1 and BOP2 have the capacity to activate transcription, dependent on their recruitment to the target promoter

Jun JH, Ha CM, Fletcher JC - BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 coordinates organ determinacy and axial polarity in arabidopsis by directly activating ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2

• Process

We tested whether the BOP proteins could stimulate transcription when tethered to DNA by assaying constructs consisting of the Gal4 DNA binding domain (BD) fused to either BOP1 (BD-BOP1) or BD-BOP2 (Figure 1A) in in vivo plant transcription assays (Huq et al., 2004). Transfection of unfused BOP1 or BOP2 did not generate luciferase activation beyond the baseline level of transcription (Figure 1B). By contrast, transfection with BD-BOP1 or BD-BOP2 activated transcription 11.2- and 8.6-fold above the baseline level, respectively (Figure 1B). Cotransfection of BD-BOP1 with BD-BOP2 produced similar fold induction values to those of BD-BOP1 or BD-BOP2 alone (Figure 1B). These results demonstrate that BOP1 and BOP2 have the capacity to activate transcription, dependent on their recruitment to the target promoter

Jun JH, Ha CM, Fletcher JC - BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 coordinates organ determinacy and axial polarity in arabidopsis by directly activating ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2

• Process

NINJA as a transcriptional repressor of jasmonate responses

Pauwels L, Barbero GF, Geerinck J, Tilleman S, Grunewald W, Pérez AC, Chico JM, Bossche RV, Sewell J, Gil E, García-Casado G, Witters E, Inzé D, Long JA, De Jaeger G, Solano R, Goossens A - NINJA connects the co-repressor TOPLESS to jasmonate signalling

• Process

First, a protein fusion of NINJA with the GAL4 DNA-binding domain (DBD) could repress the basal activity of a promoter containing upstream activation sequence (PUAS) elements in tobacco protoplasts (Fig. 3c). Second, a NINJA fragment containing the EAR motif, but lacking a JAZ interaction domain, was sufficient for repression. Conversely, deletion of the domain A or mutation of three conserved Leu residues in the EAR motif abolished the repression capacity of NINJA (mEAR, Fig. 3c). Third, the transcriptional activation of the PUAS by a DBD-MYC2 fusion protein could be counteracted by co-expression with NINJA (Fig. 3d). Together, these results establish NINJA as a transcriptional repressor of jasmonate responses

Pauwels L, Barbero GF, Geerinck J, Tilleman S, Grunewald W, Pérez AC, Chico JM, Bossche RV, Sewell J, Gil E, García-Casado G, Witters E, Inzé D, Long JA, De Jaeger G, Solano R, Goossens A - NINJA connects the co-repressor TOPLESS to jasmonate signalling

• Process

In order to investigate directly the activity of the Arabidopsis VKORC1 domain, its fused VKORC1-Trx-like and individual VKORC1 versions were separately expressed in yeast, removing the chloroplast transit peptide. A C-terminal DAIHDEL consensus motif was added to both versions in order to mimic the retention in the endoplasmic reticulum, as naturally occurs for VKORC1 in mammalian cells (Furie and Furie, 1992). Immunoblots using the anti-Trx-like serum verified that the fused recombinant protein was indeed present in its corresponding microsomal preparation, as indicated by the 35-kDa protein band (Figure 4a). Controls with microsomes prepared from cells expressing the VKORC1 domain on its own or from cells transformed with the vector alone showed no immunosignal (Figure 4a). Nor was any signal detected when the blot was probed with the pre-immune serum (Figure 4a). The oxidoreductase activity of the VKORC1-Trx-like- and VKORC1-containing microsomes was then assayed using phylloquinone as a substrate (24 μM) and DTT as a source of electrons, and monitoring the formation of phylloquinol by HPLC fluorescence, as is classically performed in VKORC1 assays using mammalian microsomes (Chu et al., 2006; Fasco et al., 1982; Lasseur et al., 2005). Phylloquinone reductase activity was readily detected with both fused and separate VKORC1 versions (Figure 4b). In each case, the formation of quinol was proportional to the quantity of enzyme assayed, and was strictly dependent upon the presence of DTT (Figure 4b,c). The specific activities of the fused and separate VKORC1 domains were not significantly different: 1.05 ± 0.11 and 1.00 ± 0.18 nmol mg−1 protein h−1, respectively. These values are within the range of VKORC1-specific activities measured in rat liver microsomes (0.4–11.8 nmol mg−1 protein h−1) at the same substrate concentration (Fasco et al., 1982; Lasseur et al., 2005). The background formation of quinol measured in the vector-only control is attributable to non-specific oxidoreductase activities, as yeast does not contain vitamin K and lacks orthologs of VKORC1 ... To corroborate this result and to test for the substrate specificity of the Arabidopsis VKORC1 homolog, microsomal fractions were assayed using various conjugated naphthoquinone or benzoquinone species as substrates. Menaquinone-4 that only differs from phylloquinone by the degree of unsaturation of its side chain was as efficiently reduced to its quinol form than phylloquinone (Table 1). As for phylloquinone, the specific activities of the fused and separate VKORC1 domains were not statistically different (Table 1). On the other hand, unlike the mammalian VKORC1 enzyme, the fused and separate plant VKORC1 domains did not reduce phylloquinone epoxide into phylloquinone (Table 1). Nor was any activity detected with the conjugated benzoquinone species plastoquinone-9 and ubiquinone-10 (Table 1). Both VKORC1-Trx-like and its separate VKORC1 domains are thus functional, and display strict specificity for the quinone forms of naphthalenoid conjugates

Furt F, Oostende Cv, Widhalm JR, Dale MA, Wertz J, Basset GJ - A bimodular oxidoreductase mediates the specific reduction of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in chloroplasts

• Process

role of AtTCTP as a ubiquitous regulator of plant growth

Brioudes F, Thierry AM, Chambrier P, Mollereau B, Bendahmane M - Translationally controlled tumor protein is a conserved mitotic growth integrator in animals and plants

• Process

TCTP functions as a growth regulator by controlling cell division and that this function is conserved across the animal and plant kingdoms

Brioudes F, Thierry AM, Chambrier P, Mollereau B, Bendahmane M - Translationally controlled tumor protein is a conserved mitotic growth integrator in animals and plants

• Process

role of AtTCTP as a ubiquitous regulator of plant growth

Brioudes F, Thierry AM, Chambrier P, Mollereau B, Bendahmane M - Translationally controlled tumor protein is a conserved mitotic growth integrator in animals and plants

• Process

TCTP functions as a growth regulator

Brioudes F, Thierry AM, Chambrier P, Mollereau B, Bendahmane M - Translationally controlled tumor protein is a conserved mitotic growth integrator in animals and plants

• Process

AtELP2 is essential for basal immunity

DeFraia CT, Zhang X, Mou Z - Elongator subunit 2 is an accelerator of immune responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

AtCLCc contributes substantially to the light-induced opening of stomata when chloride is provided, but is not necessary in the presence of nitrate

Jossier M, Kroniewicz L, Dalmas F, Le Thiec D, Ephritikhine G, Thomine S, Barbier-Brygoo H, Vavasseur A, Filleur S, Leonhardt N - The Arabidopsis vacuolar anion transporter, AtCLCc, is involved in the regulation of stomatal movements and contributes to salt tolerance

• Process

AtCLCc plays a major role in Cl− homeostasis in guard cells during stomatal movements

Jossier M, Kroniewicz L, Dalmas F, Le Thiec D, Ephritikhine G, Thomine S, Barbier-Brygoo H, Vavasseur A, Filleur S, Leonhardt N - The Arabidopsis vacuolar anion transporter, AtCLCc, is involved in the regulation of stomatal movements and contributes to salt tolerance

• Process

AtClCc alters the stomatal responses to light and ABA

Jossier M, Kroniewicz L, Dalmas F, Le Thiec D, Ephritikhine G, Thomine S, Barbier-Brygoo H, Vavasseur A, Filleur S, Leonhardt N - The Arabidopsis vacuolar anion transporter, AtCLCc, is involved in the regulation of stomatal movements and contributes to salt tolerance

• Process

EXO70A2 ... developing guard cells

Li S, van Os GM, Ren S, Yu D, Ketelaar T, Emons AM, Liu CM - Expression and functional analyses of EXO70 genes in Arabidopsis implicate their roles in regulating cell type-specific exocytosis

• Process

EXO70D3 ... detectable when the trichomes started to form, and ... absent from mature trichomes

Li S, van Os GM, Ren S, Yu D, Ketelaar T, Emons AM, Liu CM - Expression and functional analyses of EXO70 genes in Arabidopsis implicate their roles in regulating cell type-specific exocytosis

• Process

EXO70D2 ... detectable when the trichomes started to form, and ... absent from mature trichomes

Li S, van Os GM, Ren S, Yu D, Ketelaar T, Emons AM, Liu CM - Expression and functional analyses of EXO70 genes in Arabidopsis implicate their roles in regulating cell type-specific exocytosis

• Process

EXO70H4 ... developing guard cells

Li S, van Os GM, Ren S, Yu D, Ketelaar T, Emons AM, Liu CM - Expression and functional analyses of EXO70 genes in Arabidopsis implicate their roles in regulating cell type-specific exocytosis

• Process

EXO70C1 ... developing guard cells

Li S, van Os GM, Ren S, Yu D, Ketelaar T, Emons AM, Liu CM - Expression and functional analyses of EXO70 genes in Arabidopsis implicate their roles in regulating cell type-specific exocytosis

• Process

In the F3 progeny of three independent homozygous lines, >80% of 35S:miR396a/as2 plants produced lotus-like or needle-like leaves in the first pair of true leaves, while <5% of as2 plants generated lotus-like leaves (Fig. 1I), indicating that miR396-AtGRFs and AS1/2 pathways synergistically regulate leaf adaxial–abaxial formation

Wang L, Gu X, Xu D, Wang W, Wang H, Zeng M, Chang Z, Huang H, Cui X - miR396-targeted AtGRF transcription factors are required for coordination of cell division and differentiation during leaf development in Arabidopsis

• Process

indicating that miR396 negatively regulates the cell proliferation in leaves by repressing the expression of AtGRF genes, consistent with reported results

Wang L, Gu X, Xu D, Wang W, Wang H, Zeng M, Chang Z, Huang H, Cui X - miR396-targeted AtGRF transcription factors are required for coordination of cell division and differentiation during leaf development in Arabidopsis

• Process

In addition to histone H4, the expression of several other cell cycle-related marker genes was also analysed by qRT-PCR ... The expression of all the tested marker genes was reduced in 35S:miR396a plants with a 2- to 4-fold change (Fig. 4D), indicating that the defective cell proliferation in leaves of 35S:miR396 plants could be due to the reduced cell division activity

Wang L, Gu X, Xu D, Wang W, Wang H, Zeng M, Chang Z, Huang H, Cui X - miR396-targeted AtGRF transcription factors are required for coordination of cell division and differentiation during leaf development in Arabidopsis

• Process

In the F3 progeny of three independent homozygous lines, >80% of 35S:miR396a/as2 plants produced lotus-like or needle-like leaves in the first pair of true leaves, while <5% of as2 plants generated lotus-like leaves (Fig. 1I), indicating that miR396-AtGRFs and AS1/2 pathways synergistically regulate leaf adaxial–abaxial formation

Wang L, Gu X, Xu D, Wang W, Wang H, Zeng M, Chang Z, Huang H, Cui X - miR396-targeted AtGRF transcription factors are required for coordination of cell division and differentiation during leaf development in Arabidopsis

• Process

indicating that miR396 negatively regulates the cell proliferation in leaves by repressing the expression of AtGRF genes, consistent with reported results

Wang L, Gu X, Xu D, Wang W, Wang H, Zeng M, Chang Z, Huang H, Cui X - miR396-targeted AtGRF transcription factors are required for coordination of cell division and differentiation during leaf development in Arabidopsis

• Process

In the F3 progeny of three independent homozygous lines, >80% of 35S:miR396a/as2 plants produced lotus-like or needle-like leaves in the first pair of true leaves, while <5% of as2 plants generated lotus-like leaves (Fig. 1I), indicating that miR396-AtGRFs and AS1/2 pathways synergistically regulate leaf adaxial–abaxial formation

Wang L, Gu X, Xu D, Wang W, Wang H, Zeng M, Chang Z, Huang H, Cui X - miR396-targeted AtGRF transcription factors are required for coordination of cell division and differentiation during leaf development in Arabidopsis

• Process

In the F3 progeny of three independent homozygous lines, >80% of 35S:miR396a/as2 plants produced lotus-like or needle-like leaves in the first pair of true leaves, while <5% of as2 plants generated lotus-like leaves (Fig. 1I), indicating that miR396-AtGRFs and AS1/2 pathways synergistically regulate leaf adaxial–abaxial formation

Wang L, Gu X, Xu D, Wang W, Wang H, Zeng M, Chang Z, Huang H, Cui X - miR396-targeted AtGRF transcription factors are required for coordination of cell division and differentiation during leaf development in Arabidopsis

• Process

AE7 may play a role in the cell cycle progression

Yuan Z, Luo D, Li G, Yao X, Wang H, Zeng M, Huang H, Cui X - Characterization of the AE7 gene in Arabidopsis suggests that normal cell proliferation is essential for leaf polarity establishment

• Process

GDC1 protein is essential for the formation of stacked grana

Cui YL, Jia QS, Yin QQ, Lin GN, Kong MM, Yang ZN - The GDC1 gene encodes a novel ankyrin domain-containing protein that is essential for grana formation in Arabidopsis

• Process

role for RACK1 in maintaining the normal 60S ribosome biogenesis

Guo J, Wang S, Valerius O, Hall H, Zeng Q, Li JF, Weston DJ, Ellis BE, Chen JG - Involvement of Arabidopsis RACK1 in protein translation and its regulation by abscisic acid

• Process

the major functions of RACK1 in mammalian cells and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is to regulate translation initiation at the stage of ribosome assembly

Guo J, Wang S, Valerius O, Hall H, Zeng Q, Li JF, Weston DJ, Ellis BE, Chen JG - Involvement of Arabidopsis RACK1 in protein translation and its regulation by abscisic acid

• Process

the major functions of RACK1 in mammalian cells and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is to regulate translation initiation at the stage of ribosome assembly

Guo J, Wang S, Valerius O, Hall H, Zeng Q, Li JF, Weston DJ, Ellis BE, Chen JG - Involvement of Arabidopsis RACK1 in protein translation and its regulation by abscisic acid

• Process

role for RACK1 in maintaining the normal 60S ribosome biogenesis

Guo J, Wang S, Valerius O, Hall H, Zeng Q, Li JF, Weston DJ, Ellis BE, Chen JG - Involvement of Arabidopsis RACK1 in protein translation and its regulation by abscisic acid

• Process

the major functions of RACK1 in mammalian cells and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is to regulate translation initiation at the stage of ribosome assembly

Guo J, Wang S, Valerius O, Hall H, Zeng Q, Li JF, Weston DJ, Ellis BE, Chen JG - Involvement of Arabidopsis RACK1 in protein translation and its regulation by abscisic acid

• Process

role for RACK1 in ... 80S monosome assembly

Guo J, Wang S, Valerius O, Hall H, Zeng Q, Li JF, Weston DJ, Ellis BE, Chen JG - Involvement of Arabidopsis RACK1 in protein translation and its regulation by abscisic acid

• Process

role for RACK1 in ... 80S monosome assembly

Guo J, Wang S, Valerius O, Hall H, Zeng Q, Li JF, Weston DJ, Ellis BE, Chen JG - Involvement of Arabidopsis RACK1 in protein translation and its regulation by abscisic acid

• Process

suggesting that RNase E is involved in the processing of polycistronic precursor transcripts into mature monocistronic mRNAs

Walter M, Piepenburg K, Schöttler MA, Petersen K, Kahlau S, Tiller N, Drechsel O, Weingartner M, Kudla J, Bock R - Knockout of the plastid RNase E leads to defective RNA processing and chloroplast ribosome deficiency

• Process

This may suggest an important role for RNase E in the regulatory adaptation of chloroplast RNA metabolism under non-photosynthetic conditions at night and upon feedback suppression of photosynthesis by accumulating sugars

Walter M, Piepenburg K, Schöttler MA, Petersen K, Kahlau S, Tiller N, Drechsel O, Weingartner M, Kudla J, Bock R - Knockout of the plastid RNase E leads to defective RNA processing and chloroplast ribosome deficiency

• Process

SHR::SHR: EYFP signals were further detected in cells adjacent the preprocambial and procambial domains of expression of the SHR transcriptional fusion (Fig. 6D–I). However, while SHR::SHR: EYFP fluorescence was distributed in both nucleus and cytoplasm of cells within the vascular expression territory, fusion protein localization in the periveinal cell layer was markedly nuclear

Gardiner J, Donner TJ, Scarpella E - Simultaneous activation of SHR and ATHB8 expression defines switch to preprocambial cell state in Arabidopsis leaf development

• Process

SYP2 family of proteins functions redundantly in vein pattern formation, and that both SYP21 and SYP22 play a primary role in this process

Shirakawa M, Ueda H, Shimada T, Koumoto Y, Shimada TL, Kondo M, Takahashi T, Okuyama Y, Nishimura M, Hara-Nishimura I - Arabidopsis Qa-SNARE SYP2 proteins localized to different subcellular regions function redundantly in vacuolar protein sorting and plant development

• Process

these observations indicate that these three SYP2 proteins function redundantly in plant development and growth, and that SYP22 makes the primary contribution and SYP21 makes the secondary contribution to plant growth and development

Shirakawa M, Ueda H, Shimada T, Koumoto Y, Shimada TL, Kondo M, Takahashi T, Okuyama Y, Nishimura M, Hara-Nishimura I - Arabidopsis Qa-SNARE SYP2 proteins localized to different subcellular regions function redundantly in vacuolar protein sorting and plant development

• Process

these observations indicate that these three SYP2 proteins function redundantly in plant development and growth, and that SYP22 makes the primary contribution and SYP21 makes the secondary contribution to plant growth and development

Shirakawa M, Ueda H, Shimada T, Koumoto Y, Shimada TL, Kondo M, Takahashi T, Okuyama Y, Nishimura M, Hara-Nishimura I - Arabidopsis Qa-SNARE SYP2 proteins localized to different subcellular regions function redundantly in vacuolar protein sorting and plant development

• Process

These results demonstrate that the SYP2 family proteins, SYP22, SYP21 and SYP23, function redundantly in efficient transport of vacuolar proteins

Shirakawa M, Ueda H, Shimada T, Koumoto Y, Shimada TL, Kondo M, Takahashi T, Okuyama Y, Nishimura M, Hara-Nishimura I - Arabidopsis Qa-SNARE SYP2 proteins localized to different subcellular regions function redundantly in vacuolar protein sorting and plant development

• Process

these results suggest that the SYP2 family of proteins functions redundantly in coordinating the proper development of myrosin cells

Shirakawa M, Ueda H, Shimada T, Koumoto Y, Shimada TL, Kondo M, Takahashi T, Okuyama Y, Nishimura M, Hara-Nishimura I - Arabidopsis Qa-SNARE SYP2 proteins localized to different subcellular regions function redundantly in vacuolar protein sorting and plant development

• Process

these observations indicate that these three SYP2 proteins function redundantly in plant development and growth, and that SYP22 makes the primary contribution and SYP21 makes the secondary contribution to plant growth and development

Shirakawa M, Ueda H, Shimada T, Koumoto Y, Shimada TL, Kondo M, Takahashi T, Okuyama Y, Nishimura M, Hara-Nishimura I - Arabidopsis Qa-SNARE SYP2 proteins localized to different subcellular regions function redundantly in vacuolar protein sorting and plant development

• Process

These results demonstrate that the SYP2 family proteins, SYP22, SYP21 and SYP23, function redundantly in efficient transport of vacuolar proteins

Shirakawa M, Ueda H, Shimada T, Koumoto Y, Shimada TL, Kondo M, Takahashi T, Okuyama Y, Nishimura M, Hara-Nishimura I - Arabidopsis Qa-SNARE SYP2 proteins localized to different subcellular regions function redundantly in vacuolar protein sorting and plant development

• Process

these results suggest that the SYP2 family of proteins functions redundantly in coordinating the proper development of myrosin cells

Shirakawa M, Ueda H, Shimada T, Koumoto Y, Shimada TL, Kondo M, Takahashi T, Okuyama Y, Nishimura M, Hara-Nishimura I - Arabidopsis Qa-SNARE SYP2 proteins localized to different subcellular regions function redundantly in vacuolar protein sorting and plant development

• Process

These results demonstrate that the SYP2 family proteins, SYP22, SYP21 and SYP23, function redundantly in efficient transport of vacuolar proteins

Shirakawa M, Ueda H, Shimada T, Koumoto Y, Shimada TL, Kondo M, Takahashi T, Okuyama Y, Nishimura M, Hara-Nishimura I - Arabidopsis Qa-SNARE SYP2 proteins localized to different subcellular regions function redundantly in vacuolar protein sorting and plant development

• Process

SYP2 family of proteins functions redundantly in vein pattern formation, and that both SYP21 and SYP22 play a primary role in this process

Shirakawa M, Ueda H, Shimada T, Koumoto Y, Shimada TL, Kondo M, Takahashi T, Okuyama Y, Nishimura M, Hara-Nishimura I - Arabidopsis Qa-SNARE SYP2 proteins localized to different subcellular regions function redundantly in vacuolar protein sorting and plant development

• Process

these results suggest that the SYP2 family of proteins functions redundantly in coordinating the proper development of myrosin cells

Shirakawa M, Ueda H, Shimada T, Koumoto Y, Shimada TL, Kondo M, Takahashi T, Okuyama Y, Nishimura M, Hara-Nishimura I - Arabidopsis Qa-SNARE SYP2 proteins localized to different subcellular regions function redundantly in vacuolar protein sorting and plant development

• Process

SYP2 family of proteins functions redundantly in vein pattern formation, and that both SYP21 and SYP22 play a primary role in this process

Shirakawa M, Ueda H, Shimada T, Koumoto Y, Shimada TL, Kondo M, Takahashi T, Okuyama Y, Nishimura M, Hara-Nishimura I - Arabidopsis Qa-SNARE SYP2 proteins localized to different subcellular regions function redundantly in vacuolar protein sorting and plant development

• Process

AtTZF1 may also affect sugar responses at gene expression level

Lin PC, Pomeranz MC, Jikumaru Y, Kang SG, Hah C, Fujioka S, Kamiya Y, Jang JC - The Arabidopsis tandem zinc finger protein AtTZF1 affects ABA- and GA-mediated growth, stress and gene expression responses

• Process

differential contribution of r-proteins to cell proliferation ... within a leaf

Horiguchi G, Mollá-Morales A, Pérez-Pérez JM, Kojima K, Robles P, Ponce MR, Micol JL, Tsukaya H - Differential contributions of ribosomal protein genes to Arabidopsis thaliana leaf development

• Process

differential contribution of r ... proteins to ... cell polarity processes within a leaf

Horiguchi G, Mollá-Morales A, Pérez-Pérez JM, Kojima K, Robles P, Ponce MR, Micol JL, Tsukaya H - Differential contributions of ribosomal protein genes to Arabidopsis thaliana leaf development

• Process

AtASF1-mediated chromatin assembly is also essential for DNA endoreduplication

Zhu Y, Weng M, Yang Y, Zhang C, Li Z, Shen WH, Dong A - Arabidopsis homologues of the histone chaperone ASF1 are crucial for chromatin replication and cell proliferation in plant development

• Process

AtASF1-mediated chromatin assembly is also essential for DNA endoreduplication

Zhu Y, Weng M, Yang Y, Zhang C, Li Z, Shen WH, Dong A - Arabidopsis homologues of the histone chaperone ASF1 are crucial for chromatin replication and cell proliferation in plant development

• Process

CUC3 contributes to leaf serration

Hasson A, Plessis A, Blein T, Adroher B, Grigg S, Tsiantis M, Boudaoud A, Damerval C, Laufs P - Evolution and diverse roles of the CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON genes in Arabidopsis leaf development

• Process

CUC3 acts later to maintain their growth

Hasson A, Plessis A, Blein T, Adroher B, Grigg S, Tsiantis M, Boudaoud A, Damerval C, Laufs P - Evolution and diverse roles of the CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON genes in Arabidopsis leaf development

• Process

ven6 ... impair arginine biosynthesis

Mollá-Morales A, Sarmiento-Mañús R, Robles P, Quesada V, Pérez-Pérez JM, González-Bayón R, Hannah MA, Willmitzer L, Ponce MR, Micol JL - Analysis of ven3 and ven6 reticulate mutants reveals the importance of arginine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis leaf development

• Process

ven3 ... impair arginine biosynthesis

Mollá-Morales A, Sarmiento-Mañús R, Robles P, Quesada V, Pérez-Pérez JM, González-Bayón R, Hannah MA, Willmitzer L, Ponce MR, Micol JL - Analysis of ven3 and ven6 reticulate mutants reveals the importance of arginine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis leaf development

• Process

Genes belonging to the GO terms “structural constituent of the ribosome,” “translation,” and “ribosome biogenesis” were also downregulated, suggesting that protein translation may be restricted in nhx5 nhx6

Bassil E, Ohto MA, Esumi T, Tajima H, Zhu Z, Cagnac O, Belmonte M, Peleg Z, Yamaguchi T, Blumwald E - The Arabidopsis intracellular Na+/H+ antiporters NHX5 and NHX6 are endosome associated and necessary for plant growth and development

• Process

Genes belonging to the GO terms “structural constituent of the ribosome,” “translation,” and “ribosome biogenesis” were also downregulated, suggesting that protein translation may be restricted in nhx5 nhx6

Bassil E, Ohto MA, Esumi T, Tajima H, Zhu Z, Cagnac O, Belmonte M, Peleg Z, Yamaguchi T, Blumwald E - The Arabidopsis intracellular Na+/H+ antiporters NHX5 and NHX6 are endosome associated and necessary for plant growth and development

• Process

In nhx5 nhx6 leaves, cells remained highly organized, suggesting that cell identity was not affected. These results indicate that NHX5 and NHX6 play fundamental role(s) in cell proliferation and cell expansion that are not specific to cell differentiation

Bassil E, Ohto MA, Esumi T, Tajima H, Zhu Z, Cagnac O, Belmonte M, Peleg Z, Yamaguchi T, Blumwald E - The Arabidopsis intracellular Na+/H+ antiporters NHX5 and NHX6 are endosome associated and necessary for plant growth and development

• Process

In nhx5 nhx6 leaves, cells remained highly organized, suggesting that cell identity was not affected. These results indicate that NHX5 and NHX6 play fundamental role(s) in cell proliferation and cell expansion that are not specific to cell differentiation

Bassil E, Ohto MA, Esumi T, Tajima H, Zhu Z, Cagnac O, Belmonte M, Peleg Z, Yamaguchi T, Blumwald E - The Arabidopsis intracellular Na+/H+ antiporters NHX5 and NHX6 are endosome associated and necessary for plant growth and development

• Process

In nhx5 nhx6 leaves, cells remained highly organized, suggesting that cell identity was not affected. These results indicate that NHX5 and NHX6 play fundamental role(s) in cell proliferation and cell expansion that are not specific to cell differentiation

Bassil E, Ohto MA, Esumi T, Tajima H, Zhu Z, Cagnac O, Belmonte M, Peleg Z, Yamaguchi T, Blumwald E - The Arabidopsis intracellular Na+/H+ antiporters NHX5 and NHX6 are endosome associated and necessary for plant growth and development

• Process

In nhx5 nhx6 leaves, cells remained highly organized, suggesting that cell identity was not affected. These results indicate that NHX5 and NHX6 play fundamental role(s) in cell proliferation and cell expansion that are not specific to cell differentiation ... differentiation

Bassil E, Ohto MA, Esumi T, Tajima H, Zhu Z, Cagnac O, Belmonte M, Peleg Z, Yamaguchi T, Blumwald E - The Arabidopsis intracellular Na+/H+ antiporters NHX5 and NHX6 are endosome associated and necessary for plant growth and development

• Process

these data support the notion that atTic20-I is essential for chloroplast biogenesis and development

Kasmati AR, Töpel M, Patel R, Murtaza G, Jarvis P - Molecular and genetic analyses of Tic20 homologues in Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts

• Process

AtHsp70 ... 15 play an essential role in cellular adaptation to heat stress

Jungkunz I, Link K, Vogel F, Voll LM, Sonnewald S, Sonnewald U - AtHsp70-15-deficient Arabidopsis plants are characterized by reduced growth, a constitutive cytosolic protein response and enhanced resistance to TuMV

• Process

AtHsp70-14 ... play an essential role in cellular adaptation to heat stress

Jungkunz I, Link K, Vogel F, Voll LM, Sonnewald S, Sonnewald U - AtHsp70-15-deficient Arabidopsis plants are characterized by reduced growth, a constitutive cytosolic protein response and enhanced resistance to TuMV

• Process

These data indicate a role for BPC1 ... in ... stomatal patterning

Monfared MM, Simon MK, Meister RJ, Roig-Villanova I, Kooiker M, Colombo L, Fletcher JC, Gasser CS - Overlapping and antagonistic activities of BASIC PENTACYSTEINE genes affect a range of developmental processes in Arabidopsis

• Process

These data indicate a role for ... BPC4 ... in ... stomatal patterning

Monfared MM, Simon MK, Meister RJ, Roig-Villanova I, Kooiker M, Colombo L, Fletcher JC, Gasser CS - Overlapping and antagonistic activities of BASIC PENTACYSTEINE genes affect a range of developmental processes in Arabidopsis

• Process

These data indicate a role for ... BPC4 ... in the laminar growth of the leaf blade

Monfared MM, Simon MK, Meister RJ, Roig-Villanova I, Kooiker M, Colombo L, Fletcher JC, Gasser CS - Overlapping and antagonistic activities of BASIC PENTACYSTEINE genes affect a range of developmental processes in Arabidopsis

• Process

These data indicate a role for BPC1 ... in the laminar growth of the leaf blade

Monfared MM, Simon MK, Meister RJ, Roig-Villanova I, Kooiker M, Colombo L, Fletcher JC, Gasser CS - Overlapping and antagonistic activities of BASIC PENTACYSTEINE genes affect a range of developmental processes in Arabidopsis

• Process

These data indicate a role for ... BPC6 in the laminar growth of the leaf blade

Monfared MM, Simon MK, Meister RJ, Roig-Villanova I, Kooiker M, Colombo L, Fletcher JC, Gasser CS - Overlapping and antagonistic activities of BASIC PENTACYSTEINE genes affect a range of developmental processes in Arabidopsis

• Process

These data indicate a role for ... BPC6 in ... stomatal patterning

Monfared MM, Simon MK, Meister RJ, Roig-Villanova I, Kooiker M, Colombo L, Fletcher JC, Gasser CS - Overlapping and antagonistic activities of BASIC PENTACYSTEINE genes affect a range of developmental processes in Arabidopsis

• Process

These data indicate a role for ... BPC2 ... in the laminar growth of the leaf blade

Monfared MM, Simon MK, Meister RJ, Roig-Villanova I, Kooiker M, Colombo L, Fletcher JC, Gasser CS - Overlapping and antagonistic activities of BASIC PENTACYSTEINE genes affect a range of developmental processes in Arabidopsis

• Process

These data indicate a role for ... BPC2 ... in ... stomatal patterning

Monfared MM, Simon MK, Meister RJ, Roig-Villanova I, Kooiker M, Colombo L, Fletcher JC, Gasser CS - Overlapping and antagonistic activities of BASIC PENTACYSTEINE genes affect a range of developmental processes in Arabidopsis

• Process

LSH4 ... predicted function of ALOG family members in transcriptional regulation

Takeda S, Hanano K, Kariya A, Shimizu S, Zhao L, Matsui M, Tasaka M, Aida M - CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON1 transcription factor activates the expression of LSH4 and LSH3, two members of the ALOG gene family, in shoot organ boundary cells

• Process

SPA1 acts in ... the phloem ... to regulate leaf expansion

Ranjan A, Fiene G, Fackendahl P, Hoecker U - The Arabidopsis repressor of light signaling SPA1 acts in the phloem to regulate seedling de-etiolation, leaf expansion and flowering time

• Process

SPA1 activity in ... mesophyll ... regulates division ... of epidermal cells

Ranjan A, Fiene G, Fackendahl P, Hoecker U - The Arabidopsis repressor of light signaling SPA1 acts in the phloem to regulate seedling de-etiolation, leaf expansion and flowering time

• Process

SPA1 activity in ... mesophyll ... regulates ... expansion of epidermal cells

Ranjan A, Fiene G, Fackendahl P, Hoecker U - The Arabidopsis repressor of light signaling SPA1 acts in the phloem to regulate seedling de-etiolation, leaf expansion and flowering time

• Process

SPA1 activity in phloem ... regulates division ... of epidermal cells

Ranjan A, Fiene G, Fackendahl P, Hoecker U - The Arabidopsis repressor of light signaling SPA1 acts in the phloem to regulate seedling de-etiolation, leaf expansion and flowering time

• Process

SPA1 activity in phloem ... regulates ... expansion of epidermal cells

Ranjan A, Fiene G, Fackendahl P, Hoecker U - The Arabidopsis repressor of light signaling SPA1 acts in the phloem to regulate seedling de-etiolation, leaf expansion and flowering time

• Process

SPA1 acts in ... the leaf mesophyll to regulate leaf expansion

Ranjan A, Fiene G, Fackendahl P, Hoecker U - The Arabidopsis repressor of light signaling SPA1 acts in the phloem to regulate seedling de-etiolation, leaf expansion and flowering time

• Process

leaf 7 ... Autophagy has a key role in the senescence process

Breeze E, Harrison E, McHattie S, Hughes L, Hickman R, Hill C, Kiddle S, Kim YS, Penfold CA, Jenkins D, Zhang C, Morris K, Jenner C, Jackson S, Thomas B, Tabrett A, Legaie R, Moore JD, Wild DL, Ott S, Rand D, Beynon J, Denby K, Mead A, Buchanan-Wollaston V - High-resolution temporal profiling of transcripts during Arabidopsis leaf senescence reveals a distinct chronology of processes and regulation

• Process

Autophagy has a key role in the senescence process

Breeze E, Harrison E, McHattie S, Hughes L, Hickman R, Hill C, Kiddle S, Kim YS, Penfold CA, Jenkins D, Zhang C, Morris K, Jenner C, Jackson S, Thomas B, Tabrett A, Legaie R, Moore JD, Wild DL, Ott S, Rand D, Beynon J, Denby K, Mead A, Buchanan-Wollaston V - High-resolution temporal profiling of transcripts during Arabidopsis leaf senescence reveals a distinct chronology of processes and regulation

• Process

The reduced chlorophyll content and the earlier onset of leaf senescence in 35S:HAT22 transgenic plants are, therefore, consistent with a function of HAT22 downstream of cytokinin

Köllmer I, Werner T, Schmülling T - Ectopic expression of different cytokinin-regulated transcription factor genes of Arabidopsis thaliana alters plant growth and development

• Process

OSR1 has a role in regulation of organ growth and final organ size

Feng G, Qin Z, Yan J, Zhang X, Hu Y - Arabidopsis ORGAN SIZE RELATED1 regulates organ growth and final organ size in orchestration with ARGOS and ARL

• Process

KNAT7 is ... a transcriptional repressor

Li E, Wang S, Liu Y, Chen JG, Douglas CJ - OVATE FAMILY PROTEIN4 (OFP4) interaction with KNAT7 regulates secondary cell wall formation in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

KNAT7 ... role in secondary wall formation

Li E, Wang S, Liu Y, Chen JG, Douglas CJ - OVATE FAMILY PROTEIN4 (OFP4) interaction with KNAT7 regulates secondary cell wall formation in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

OFP4 functions as a transcriptional repressor

Li E, Wang S, Liu Y, Chen JG, Douglas CJ - OVATE FAMILY PROTEIN4 (OFP4) interaction with KNAT7 regulates secondary cell wall formation in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

function of ... ELA2 in GA catabolism

Zhang Y, Zhang B, Yan D, Dong W, Yang W, Li Q, Zeng L, Wang J, Wang L, Hicks LM, He Z - Two Arabidopsis cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, CYP714A1 and CYP714A2, function redundantly in plant development through gibberellin deactivation

• Process

function of ELA1 ... in GA catabolism

Zhang Y, Zhang B, Yan D, Dong W, Yang W, Li Q, Zeng L, Wang J, Wang L, Hicks LM, He Z - Two Arabidopsis cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, CYP714A1 and CYP714A2, function redundantly in plant development through gibberellin deactivation

• Process

These results suggest that ... ELA2 probably function in the inactivating reaction of bioactive GAs

Zhang Y, Zhang B, Yan D, Dong W, Yang W, Li Q, Zeng L, Wang J, Wang L, Hicks LM, He Z - Two Arabidopsis cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, CYP714A1 and CYP714A2, function redundantly in plant development through gibberellin deactivation

• Process

These results suggest that ELA1 ... probably function in the inactivating reaction of bioactive GAs

Zhang Y, Zhang B, Yan D, Dong W, Yang W, Li Q, Zeng L, Wang J, Wang L, Hicks LM, He Z - Two Arabidopsis cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, CYP714A1 and CYP714A2, function redundantly in plant development through gibberellin deactivation

• Process

The heteropolymeric tails in bacteria and chloroplasts are generated by PNPase, while the homopolymeric tails are produced by poly(A) polymerase (PAP) (Slomovic et al., 2008b). Therefore, the difference in composition suggests that in Arabidopsis chloroplasts, PNPase significantly contributes to the synthesis of heterogeneous poly(A) tails, whereas in its absence PAP activity creates homogeneous poly(A) tails

Germain A, Herlich S, Larom S, Kim SH, Schuster G, Stern DB - Mutational analysis of Arabidopsis chloroplast polynucleotide phosphorylase reveals roles for both RNase PH core domains in polyadenylation, RNA 3'-end maturation and intron degradation

• Process

PNPase ... WT enzyme had robust polyadenylation and degradation activities

Germain A, Herlich S, Larom S, Kim SH, Schuster G, Stern DB - Mutational analysis of Arabidopsis chloroplast polynucleotide phosphorylase reveals roles for both RNase PH core domains in polyadenylation, RNA 3'-end maturation and intron degradation

• Process

TCP15 ... involved in regulating cell proliferation within the leaf, although it is not apparent whether this effect is positive or negative

Kieffer M, Master V, Waites R, Davies B - TCP14 and TCP15 affect internode length and leaf shape in Arabidopsis

• Process

TCP14 ... involved in regulating cell proliferation within the leaf, although it is not apparent whether this effect is positive or negative

Kieffer M, Master V, Waites R, Davies B - TCP14 and TCP15 affect internode length and leaf shape in Arabidopsis

• Process

Our data show that degradation of the 5′ ETS in Arabidopsis requires cooperation between the 5′→3′ and 3′→5′ exoribonucleolytic pathways. The main degradation route for the 5′ ETS upstream of the P site involves XRN2 and XRN3 (Figure 6a) (Zakrzewska-Placzek et al., 2010). A second cleavage at P′ releases the remaining part of the 5′ ETS, possibly after generation of the P–A3 fragment by cleavage in the ITS1. The excised 3′ fragment of the 5′ ETS is rapidly degraded by a 3′→5′ exoribonucleolytic pathway involving the RNA helicase AtMTR4 and RRP6L2

Lange H, Sement FM, Gagliardi D - MTR4, a putative RNA helicase and exosome co-factor, is required for proper rRNA biogenesis and development in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

These data suggest that the 5′ region of the 5′ ETS, which is released by cleavage at the P site, is a substrate of the nuclear 5′→3′ exoribonucleases XRN2

Lange H, Sement FM, Gagliardi D - MTR4, a putative RNA helicase and exosome co-factor, is required for proper rRNA biogenesis and development in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

This confirms recently published data indicating that XRN2 is required to enable cleavage at the P site

Lange H, Sement FM, Gagliardi D - MTR4, a putative RNA helicase and exosome co-factor, is required for proper rRNA biogenesis and development in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

these results suggest that RRP6L2, but not RRP6L1, contributes to processing of pre-5.8S rRNA

Lange H, Sement FM, Gagliardi D - MTR4, a putative RNA helicase and exosome co-factor, is required for proper rRNA biogenesis and development in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

Our data show that degradation of the 5′ ETS in Arabidopsis requires cooperation between the 5′→3′ and 3′→5′ exoribonucleolytic pathways. The main degradation route for the 5′ ETS upstream of the P site involves XRN2 and XRN3

Lange H, Sement FM, Gagliardi D - MTR4, a putative RNA helicase and exosome co-factor, is required for proper rRNA biogenesis and development in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

Our data show that degradation of the 5′ ETS in Arabidopsis requires cooperation between the 5′→3′ and 3′→5′ exoribonucleolytic pathways. The main degradation route for the 5′ ETS upstream of the P site involves XRN2 and XRN3 (Figure 6a) (Zakrzewska-Placzek et al., 2010). A second cleavage at P′ releases the remaining part of the 5′ ETS, possibly after generation of the P–A3 fragment by cleavage in the ITS1. The excised 3′ fragment of the 5′ ETS is rapidly degraded by a 3′→5′ exoribonucleolytic pathway involving the RNA helicase AtMTR4 and RRP6L2

Lange H, Sement FM, Gagliardi D - MTR4, a putative RNA helicase and exosome co-factor, is required for proper rRNA biogenesis and development in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

The 5′ part of the P–P1 fragment contains a large stem-loop of approximately 120 nt (Saez-Vasquez et al., 2004), which probably impedes degradation of this part of the 5′ ETS by exoribonucleases. When resolved on a 6% acrylamide gel, the signal actually corresponds to two bands, the lower of which is absent in rrp6l2 (Figure 6c). This indicates that RRP6L2 participates in degradation of the P–P1 fragment

Lange H, Sement FM, Gagliardi D - MTR4, a putative RNA helicase and exosome co-factor, is required for proper rRNA biogenesis and development in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

MTR4 participates in 3′ processing of 5.8S rRNA

Lange H, Sement FM, Gagliardi D - MTR4, a putative RNA helicase and exosome co-factor, is required for proper rRNA biogenesis and development in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

These data suggest that the 5′ region of the 5′ ETS, which is released by cleavage at the P site, is a substrate of the nuclear 5′→3′ exoribonucleases ... XRN3

Lange H, Sement FM, Gagliardi D - MTR4, a putative RNA helicase and exosome co-factor, is required for proper rRNA biogenesis and development in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

Our data show that degradation of the 5′ ETS in Arabidopsis requires cooperation between the 5′→3′ and 3′→5′ exoribonucleolytic pathways. The main degradation route for the 5′ ETS upstream of the P site involves XRN2 and XRN3

Lange H, Sement FM, Gagliardi D - MTR4, a putative RNA helicase and exosome co-factor, is required for proper rRNA biogenesis and development in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

Furthermore, the germination rate of pollen obtained from vdac2-2 and vdac4-2 was reduced about one-eighth and germinated pollen tubes were also drastically shorter than those of the WT

Tateda C, Watanabe K, Kusano T, Takahashi Y - Molecular and genetic characterization of the gene family encoding the voltage-dependent anion channel in Arabidopsis

• Process

Furthermore, the germination rate of pollen obtained from vdac2-2 and vdac4-2 was reduced about one-eighth and germinated pollen tubes were also drastically shorter than those of the WT

Tateda C, Watanabe K, Kusano T, Takahashi Y - Molecular and genetic characterization of the gene family encoding the voltage-dependent anion channel in Arabidopsis

• Process

Moreover, the pollen germination rate of vdac1-6 was 27% lower compared with the WT, and germinated pollen tube length was also affected in vdac1-6

Tateda C, Watanabe K, Kusano T, Takahashi Y - Molecular and genetic characterization of the gene family encoding the voltage-dependent anion channel in Arabidopsis

• Process

these results suggest that LIG4 does not function in plant BER

Córdoba-Cañero D, Roldán-Arjona T, Ariza RR - Arabidopsis ARP endonuclease functions in a branched base excision DNA repair pathway completed by LIG1

• Process

To rule out the possibility that the BER deficiency in lig1 RNAi plants was an indirect effect of their pleiotropic phenotype, we looked for additional evidence of LIG1 function during repair. We performed DNA repair reactions with WT cell extracts in the presence of increasing amounts of anti-LIG1 antibody (Figure 6) (Waterworth et al., 2009). The results show that the anti-LIG1 serum strongly inhibits SN- and LP-BER of uracil (Figure 6, lanes 13–15 and 16–18), but does not affect either AP incision (lanes 1–3) or gap filling (lanes 4–6 and 7–9). We also confirmed that the anti-LIG1 serum inhibits ligation of a DNA substrate that mimics a nicked DNA repair intermediate (Figure 6b). Furthermore, we found that the BER capacity of extracts inhibited by anti-LIG1 was restored to near-WT levels by addition of exogenous T4 DNA ligase (Figure 6c). Altogether, these results indicate that LIG1 is required to perform the ligation step during plant BER

Córdoba-Cañero D, Roldán-Arjona T, Ariza RR - Arabidopsis ARP endonuclease functions in a branched base excision DNA repair pathway completed by LIG1

• Process

These results suggest that LIG1 is required for the ligation step that completes repair in both the SN- and LP-BER pathways

Córdoba-Cañero D, Roldán-Arjona T, Ariza RR - Arabidopsis ARP endonuclease functions in a branched base excision DNA repair pathway completed by LIG1

• Process

RUG2 is important for photoautotrophic growth

Quesada V, Sarmiento-Mañús R, González-Bayón R, Hricová A, Pérez-Marcos R, Graciá-Martínez E, Medina-Ruiz L, Leyva-Díaz E, Ponce MR, Micol JL - Arabidopsis RUGOSA2 encodes an mTERF family member required for mitochondrion, chloroplast and leaf development

• Process

NEK4 ... possible involvement ... in ... ethylene response

Zhang B, Chen HW, Mu RL, Zhang WK, Zhao MY, Wei W, Wang F, Yu H, Lei G, Zou HF, Ma B, Chen SY, Zhang JS - NIMA-related kinase NEK6 affects plant growth and stress response in Arabidopsis

• Process

NEK3 ... possible involvement ... in ... ethylene response

Zhang B, Chen HW, Mu RL, Zhang WK, Zhao MY, Wei W, Wang F, Yu H, Lei G, Zou HF, Ma B, Chen SY, Zhang JS - NIMA-related kinase NEK6 affects plant growth and stress response in Arabidopsis

• Process

NEK6 gene may be involved in the stress response

Zhang B, Chen HW, Mu RL, Zhang WK, Zhao MY, Wei W, Wang F, Yu H, Lei G, Zou HF, Ma B, Chen SY, Zhang JS - NIMA-related kinase NEK6 affects plant growth and stress response in Arabidopsis

• Process

NEK7 ... possible involvement ... in ... ethylene response

Zhang B, Chen HW, Mu RL, Zhang WK, Zhao MY, Wei W, Wang F, Yu H, Lei G, Zou HF, Ma B, Chen SY, Zhang JS - NIMA-related kinase NEK6 affects plant growth and stress response in Arabidopsis

• Process

NEK1 ... possible involvement ... in ... ethylene response

Zhang B, Chen HW, Mu RL, Zhang WK, Zhao MY, Wei W, Wang F, Yu H, Lei G, Zou HF, Ma B, Chen SY, Zhang JS - NIMA-related kinase NEK6 affects plant growth and stress response in Arabidopsis

• Process

NEK2 ... possible involvement ... in ... ethylene response

Zhang B, Chen HW, Mu RL, Zhang WK, Zhao MY, Wei W, Wang F, Yu H, Lei G, Zou HF, Ma B, Chen SY, Zhang JS - NIMA-related kinase NEK6 affects plant growth and stress response in Arabidopsis

• Process

AtOFP ... 7 also act as transcriptional repressors

Wang S, Chang Y, Guo J, Zeng Q, Ellis BE, Chen JG - Arabidopsis ovate family proteins, a novel transcriptional repressor family, control multiple aspects of plant growth and development

• Process

AtOFP ... 4 ... also act as transcriptional repressors

Wang S, Chang Y, Guo J, Zeng Q, Ellis BE, Chen JG - Arabidopsis ovate family proteins, a novel transcriptional repressor family, control multiple aspects of plant growth and development

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AtOFP2 ... also act as transcriptional repressors

Wang S, Chang Y, Guo J, Zeng Q, Ellis BE, Chen JG - Arabidopsis ovate family proteins, a novel transcriptional repressor family, control multiple aspects of plant growth and development

• Process

MED25 might be involved in the regulation of shoot branch patterns

Xu R, Li Y - Control of final organ size by Mediator complex subunit 25 in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

These results indicate that AS1 may assist CO in inducing FT under these conditions and this could be a GA-independent role of AS1 in flowering time regulation

Song YH, Lee I, Lee SY, Imaizumi T, Hong JC - CONSTANS and ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 1 complex is involved in the induction of FLOWERING LOCUS T in photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis.

• Process

These observations indicate that deficiency of AtNUS1 causes leaf chlorosis even in Arabidopsis plants under low-temperature growth conditions, and suggest that the role of NUS1 in chloroplast biogenesis is conserved in rice and Arabidopsis

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• Process

ACD2 might protect plants from PPIX by a mechanism that involves direct binding

Pattanayak GK, Venkataramani S, Hortensteiner S, Kunz L, Christ B, Moulin M, Smith AG, Okamoto Y, Tamiaki H, Sugishima M, Greenberg JT - Accelerated cell death 2 suppresses mitochondrial oxidative bursts and modulates cell death in Arabidopsis

• Process

Thus ACD2 acts cell autonomously in whole leaves and can suppress the effects of possible mobile pro-PCD substrate molecules

Pattanayak GK, Venkataramani S, Hortensteiner S, Kunz L, Christ B, Moulin M, Smith AG, Okamoto Y, Tamiaki H, Sugishima M, Greenberg JT - Accelerated cell death 2 suppresses mitochondrial oxidative bursts and modulates cell death in Arabidopsis

• Process

These results suggest that YUC-mediated auxin biosynthesis is required for hydathode development

Wang W, Xu B, Wang H, Li J, Huang H, Xu L - YUCCA genes are expressed in response to leaf adaxial-abaxial juxtaposition and are required for leaf margin development

• Process

These results suggest that YUC-mediated auxin biosynthesis is required for hydathode development

Wang W, Xu B, Wang H, Li J, Huang H, Xu L - YUCCA genes are expressed in response to leaf adaxial-abaxial juxtaposition and are required for leaf margin development

• Process

suggesting that ... YUC4 play major roles in polarity-mediated margin development

Wang W, Xu B, Wang H, Li J, Huang H, Xu L - YUCCA genes are expressed in response to leaf adaxial-abaxial juxtaposition and are required for leaf margin development

• Process

suggesting that YUC1 ... play major roles in polarity-mediated margin development

Wang W, Xu B, Wang H, Li J, Huang H, Xu L - YUCCA genes are expressed in response to leaf adaxial-abaxial juxtaposition and are required for leaf margin development

• Process

These results suggest that YUC-mediated auxin biosynthesis is required for hydathode development

Wang W, Xu B, Wang H, Li J, Huang H, Xu L - YUCCA genes are expressed in response to leaf adaxial-abaxial juxtaposition and are required for leaf margin development

• Process

These results suggest that YUC-mediated auxin biosynthesis is required for hydathode development

Wang W, Xu B, Wang H, Li J, Huang H, Xu L - YUCCA genes are expressed in response to leaf adaxial-abaxial juxtaposition and are required for leaf margin development

• Process

To investigate whether loss of Elongator functions affects the endoreduplication, we analyzed nuclear ploidy distribution of cells in the 25-day-old fully expanded first-pair leaves. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the percentage of 8C cells was markedly increased in elo3, while those of the 16C and 32C cells was reduced (Figure 4c), which suggested that progression of endoreduplication in Elongator mutants was also affected

Xu D, Huang W, Li Y, Wang H, Huang H, Cui X - Elongator complex is critical for cell cycle progression and leaf patterning in Arabidopsis

• Process

Taken together, our results indicated that the Elongator complex as a whole participates in specifying leaf adaxial identity

Xu D, Huang W, Li Y, Wang H, Huang H, Cui X - Elongator complex is critical for cell cycle progression and leaf patterning in Arabidopsis

• Process

We then examined transcript levels of several cell cycle-related marker genes by qRT-PCR, using 8-day-old leaves ... The transcript levels of these tested marker genes were consistently elevated in elo3 leaves (Figure 3e), which suggested that Elongator is required for normal cell-cycle progression

Xu D, Huang W, Li Y, Wang H, Huang H, Cui X - Elongator complex is critical for cell cycle progression and leaf patterning in Arabidopsis

• Process

elo3, elp5 and drl1 ... which indicated that Elongator mutations lead to DNA replication checkpoint activation

Xu D, Huang W, Li Y, Wang H, Huang H, Cui X - Elongator complex is critical for cell cycle progression and leaf patterning in Arabidopsis

• Process

elo3, elp5 and drl1 ... which indicated that Elongator mutations lead to DNA replication checkpoint activation

Xu D, Huang W, Li Y, Wang H, Huang H, Cui X - Elongator complex is critical for cell cycle progression and leaf patterning in Arabidopsis

• Process

Taken together, our results indicated that the Elongator complex as a whole participates in specifying leaf adaxial identity

Xu D, Huang W, Li Y, Wang H, Huang H, Cui X - Elongator complex is critical for cell cycle progression and leaf patterning in Arabidopsis

• Process

Taken together, our results indicated that the Elongator complex as a whole participates in specifying leaf adaxial identity

Xu D, Huang W, Li Y, Wang H, Huang H, Cui X - Elongator complex is critical for cell cycle progression and leaf patterning in Arabidopsis

• Process

elo3, elp5 and drl1 ... which indicated that Elongator mutations lead to DNA replication checkpoint activation

Xu D, Huang W, Li Y, Wang H, Huang H, Cui X - Elongator complex is critical for cell cycle progression and leaf patterning in Arabidopsis

• Process

NTL4 gene is associated with leaf senescence under drought conditions

Lee S, Seo PJ, Lee HJ, Park CM - Accelerated cell death 2 suppresses mitochondrial oxidative bursts and modulates cell death in Arabidopsis

• Process

To examine whether the NTL4 protein possesses transcriptional activity, the full-size NTL4 and truncated 4ΔC sequences were fused in-frame to the GAL4 DNA binding domain-coding sequence, and the fusion constructs were transformed into yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (Kim et al., 2006). Yeast cells expressing either the NTL4 or the 4ΔC construct grew equally well on selective medium lacking histidine and adenine, and showed elevated β-galactosidase activity (Figure 1d). We also performed a GAL4 transient expression assay using Arabidopsis protoplasts (Miura et al., 2007). The effector plasmid, the reporter plasmid containing the GUS (β-glucuronidase) reporter gene, and the plasmid containing the Renilla luciferase gene (Yoo et al., 2007), which was used to normalize the measurements, were co-transformed into Arabidopsis protoplasts (Figure 1e, left panel). The assays revealed that transient expression of the NTL4 and 4ΔC genes enhanced GUS activity approximately threefold compared to the vector control (Figure 1e, right panel), indicating that the NTL4 protein is a transcriptional activator

Lee S, Seo PJ, Lee HJ, Park CM - Accelerated cell death 2 suppresses mitochondrial oxidative bursts and modulates cell death in Arabidopsis

• Process

In addition, each Arabidopsis AACT protein was recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli, and the kinetic parameters for each purified enzyme were determined (Figure S2). Both proteins are capable of catalyzing the production of acetoacetyl CoA from acetyl CoA, but, as indicated by the kcat constants for the two enzymes (503 ± 26 and 87 ± 5 min−1, respectively), AACT2 is a more efficient catalyst than AACT1 by a factor of six. The higher catalytic efficiency is primarily due to a higher Vmax value, and the Km is twofold lower for AACT2 (Figure S2

Jin H, Song Z, Nikolau BJ - Reverse genetic characterization of two paralogous acetoacetyl CoA thiolase genes in Arabidopsis reveals their importance in plant growth and development

• Process

PRS ... required ... to keep the leaf margin thin

Nakata M, Matsumoto N, Tsugeki R, Rikirsch E, Laux T, Okada K - Roles of the middle domain-specific WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX genes in early development of leaves in Arabidopsis

• Process

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Nakata M, Matsumoto N, Tsugeki R, Rikirsch E, Laux T, Okada K - Roles of the middle domain-specific WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX genes in early development of leaves in Arabidopsis

• Process

This result indicates that PRS and WOX1 are redundantly required for the formation of margin-specific tissues

Nakata M, Matsumoto N, Tsugeki R, Rikirsch E, Laux T, Okada K - Roles of the middle domain-specific WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX genes in early development of leaves in Arabidopsis

• Process

These results indicate that PRS and WOX1 induce the development of margin-specific characteristics

Nakata M, Matsumoto N, Tsugeki R, Rikirsch E, Laux T, Okada K - Roles of the middle domain-specific WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX genes in early development of leaves in Arabidopsis

• Process

prs wox1 leaf primordia ... WOX1 ... lead to reduction of cell division activity

Nakata M, Matsumoto N, Tsugeki R, Rikirsch E, Laux T, Okada K - Roles of the middle domain-specific WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX genes in early development of leaves in Arabidopsis

• Process

PRS and WOX1 are required for the normal patterning of adaxial and abaxial side–specific tissues in the lateral region

Nakata M, Matsumoto N, Tsugeki R, Rikirsch E, Laux T, Okada K - Roles of the middle domain-specific WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX genes in early development of leaves in Arabidopsis

• Process

These results indicate that PRS and WOX1 induce the development of margin-specific characteristics

Nakata M, Matsumoto N, Tsugeki R, Rikirsch E, Laux T, Okada K - Roles of the middle domain-specific WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX genes in early development of leaves in Arabidopsis

• Process

WOX1 ... required ... to keep the leaf margin thin

Nakata M, Matsumoto N, Tsugeki R, Rikirsch E, Laux T, Okada K - Roles of the middle domain-specific WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX genes in early development of leaves in Arabidopsis

• Process

PRS ... required for cell proliferation in the blade outgrowth of leaves and petals

Nakata M, Matsumoto N, Tsugeki R, Rikirsch E, Laux T, Okada K - Roles of the middle domain-specific WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX genes in early development of leaves in Arabidopsis

• Process

WOX1 ... required for cell proliferation in the blade outgrowth of leaves and petals

Nakata M, Matsumoto N, Tsugeki R, Rikirsch E, Laux T, Okada K - Roles of the middle domain-specific WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX genes in early development of leaves in Arabidopsis

• Process

PRS is important for organ initiation

Nakata M, Matsumoto N, Tsugeki R, Rikirsch E, Laux T, Okada K - Roles of the middle domain-specific WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX genes in early development of leaves in Arabidopsis

• Process

PRS ... required for the high frequency of cell division in the lateral region that promotes blade outgrowth

Nakata M, Matsumoto N, Tsugeki R, Rikirsch E, Laux T, Okada K - Roles of the middle domain-specific WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX genes in early development of leaves in Arabidopsis

• Process

PRS ... required to promote the formation of the leaf blade

Nakata M, Matsumoto N, Tsugeki R, Rikirsch E, Laux T, Okada K - Roles of the middle domain-specific WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX genes in early development of leaves in Arabidopsis

• Process

WOX1 ... required to promote the formation of the leaf blade

Nakata M, Matsumoto N, Tsugeki R, Rikirsch E, Laux T, Okada K - Roles of the middle domain-specific WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX genes in early development of leaves in Arabidopsis

• Process

These results indicate that WOX1 induces the formation of margin-specific tissues without an ectopic adaxial/abaxial boundary

Nakata M, Matsumoto N, Tsugeki R, Rikirsch E, Laux T, Okada K - Roles of the middle domain-specific WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX genes in early development of leaves in Arabidopsis

• Process

PRS and WOX1 are required for the normal patterning of adaxial and abaxial side–specific tissues in the lateral region

Nakata M, Matsumoto N, Tsugeki R, Rikirsch E, Laux T, Okada K - Roles of the middle domain-specific WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX genes in early development of leaves in Arabidopsis

• Process

prs wox1 leaf primordia ... studied mutations of PRS ... lead to reduction of cell division activity

Nakata M, Matsumoto N, Tsugeki R, Rikirsch E, Laux T, Okada K - Roles of the middle domain-specific WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX genes in early development of leaves in Arabidopsis

• Process

WOX1 ... required for the high frequency of cell division in the lateral region that promotes blade outgrowth

Nakata M, Matsumoto N, Tsugeki R, Rikirsch E, Laux T, Okada K - Roles of the middle domain-specific WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX genes in early development of leaves in Arabidopsis

• Process

VLN2 and VLN3 act redundantly in actin organization

Bao C, Wang J, Zhang R, Zhang B, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Huang S - Arabidopsis VILLIN2 and VILLIN3 act redundantly in sclerenchyma development via bundling of actin filaments

• Process

A dilution-mediated actin depolymerization assay was then performed to test whether VLN2 stabilized actin filaments. VLN2 prevented actin depolymerization in a dose-dependent manner (Figure S9D), confirming its effect in stabilizing actin filaments

Bao C, Wang J, Zhang R, Zhang B, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Huang S - Arabidopsis VILLIN2 and VILLIN3 act redundantly in sclerenchyma development via bundling of actin filaments

• Process

As shown in Figure 6(a), no obvious breaks along actin filaments were detected after introduction of buffer only (see also Video Clip S1). However, after perfusion of 1 nm VLN2 in the presence of 1 μm Ca2+, numerous breaks along actin filaments were detected (Figure 6b and Video Clip S2), and an increasing number of breaks were detected after the concentration of VLN2 was increased (Figure 6d, Table S1 and Video Clips S2 and S3), suggesting that VLN2 severs actin filaments in a dose-dependent manner. To determine the threshold of calcium concentration required for severing activity, 1 nm VLN2 and various concentrations of free Ca2+ were introduced into the perfusion chamber. After free [Ca2+] was elevated to 1 μm, the actin filament-severing activity of VLN2 was very prominent (Figure 6c, Table S1, and Video Clips S2, S4 and S5), implying that the actin filament-severing activity of VLN2 is biologically relevant. The severing frequency is much greater than that of VLN3 and VLN5 (Khurana et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2010). Taken together, these results suggest that VLN2 severs actin filaments in a dose-dependent manner, and that physiological Ca2+ levels are sufficient to trigger severing activity

Bao C, Wang J, Zhang R, Zhang B, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Huang S - Arabidopsis VILLIN2 and VILLIN3 act redundantly in sclerenchyma development via bundling of actin filaments

• Process

VLN3 ... important role in bundling actin filaments in vivo

Bao C, Wang J, Zhang R, Zhang B, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Huang S - Arabidopsis VILLIN2 and VILLIN3 act redundantly in sclerenchyma development via bundling of actin filaments

• Process

We next decided to determine whether VLN2 can bundle actin filaments. The results showed that the amount of sedimented actin increased substantially in the presence of 500 nm VLN2 (Figure 5e, lane 4) compared to actin alone (Figure 5e, lane 2) under low-speed centrifugation, suggesting that VLN2 is able to form actin filament higher-order structures. Moreover, we found that the amount of sedimented actin decreased when the free calcium concentration was increased (Figure 5f). As the increase in calcium concentration did not decrease the affinity of VLN2 binding to actin filaments (Figure 5d), it may be that the elevation in the concentration of free calcium increased VLN2-mediated actin depolymerization, which probably resulted from both VLN2-mediated filament severing and barbed end capping

Bao C, Wang J, Zhang R, Zhang B, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Huang S - Arabidopsis VILLIN2 and VILLIN3 act redundantly in sclerenchyma development via bundling of actin filaments

• Process

A seeded actin elongation assay was then performed to test whether VLN2 caps the barbed end of actin filaments. VLN2 inhibited actin elongation in a dose-dependent manner (Figure S9A). A representative Kd value of 9.4 nm was calculated by fitting the data in Figure S7A to equation 1 (Figure S9B). A mean Kd value of 9.4 ± 1.4 nm was calculated from three independent experiments. We also determined whether the variation in calcium concentration affected the affinity of VLN2 for the barbed end of actin filaments, and found that the inhibitory effect of VLN2 on actin elongation increased while the free calcium concentration was elevated (Figure S9C), implying that the capping activity may be regulated by calcium

Bao C, Wang J, Zhang R, Zhang B, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Huang S - Arabidopsis VILLIN2 and VILLIN3 act redundantly in sclerenchyma development via bundling of actin filaments

• Process

VLN2 and VLN3 act redundantly in actin organization

Bao C, Wang J, Zhang R, Zhang B, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Huang S - Arabidopsis VILLIN2 and VILLIN3 act redundantly in sclerenchyma development via bundling of actin filaments

• Process

VLN2 ... important role in bundling actin filaments in vivo

Bao C, Wang J, Zhang R, Zhang B, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Huang S - Arabidopsis VILLIN2 and VILLIN3 act redundantly in sclerenchyma development via bundling of actin filaments

• Process

The bundling activity of VLN2 was further examined by visualizing actin filaments directly with a fluorescence microscope. Most actin filaments behave as single filaments in the absence of villins (Figure 5g, left). However, in the presence of VLN2, actin filaments were organized into large bundles (Figure 5g, middle). VLN5 (Zhang et al., 2010) was used as a positive control

Bao C, Wang J, Zhang R, Zhang B, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Huang S - Arabidopsis VILLIN2 and VILLIN3 act redundantly in sclerenchyma development via bundling of actin filaments

• Process

HAT4 ... associated with light-induced growth responses

Brandt R, Salla-Martret M, Bou-Torrent J, Musielak T, Stahl M, Lanz C, Ott F, Schmid M, Greb T, Schwarz M, Choi SB, Barton MK, Reinhart BJ, Liu T, Quint M, Palauqui JC, Martínez-García JF, Wenkel S - Genome-wide binding-site analysis of REVOLUTA reveals a link between leaf patterning and light-mediated growth responses

• Process

TAA1 ... associated with light-induced growth responses

Brandt R, Salla-Martret M, Bou-Torrent J, Musielak T, Stahl M, Lanz C, Ott F, Schmid M, Greb T, Schwarz M, Choi SB, Barton MK, Reinhart BJ, Liu T, Quint M, Palauqui JC, Martínez-García JF, Wenkel S - Genome-wide binding-site analysis of REVOLUTA reveals a link between leaf patterning and light-mediated growth responses

• Process

HAT2 ... associated with light-induced growth responses

Brandt R, Salla-Martret M, Bou-Torrent J, Musielak T, Stahl M, Lanz C, Ott F, Schmid M, Greb T, Schwarz M, Choi SB, Barton MK, Reinhart BJ, Liu T, Quint M, Palauqui JC, Martínez-García JF, Wenkel S - Genome-wide binding-site analysis of REVOLUTA reveals a link between leaf patterning and light-mediated growth responses

• Process

ATHB4 ... associated with light-induced growth responses

Brandt R, Salla-Martret M, Bou-Torrent J, Musielak T, Stahl M, Lanz C, Ott F, Schmid M, Greb T, Schwarz M, Choi SB, Barton MK, Reinhart BJ, Liu T, Quint M, Palauqui JC, Martínez-García JF, Wenkel S - Genome-wide binding-site analysis of REVOLUTA reveals a link between leaf patterning and light-mediated growth responses

• Process

REV is a DNA-binding protein that regulates the expression of genes involved in basic patterning but also controls genes involved in adaptive developmental processes

Brandt R, Salla-Martret M, Bou-Torrent J, Musielak T, Stahl M, Lanz C, Ott F, Schmid M, Greb T, Schwarz M, Choi SB, Barton MK, Reinhart BJ, Liu T, Quint M, Palauqui JC, Martínez-García JF, Wenkel S - Genome-wide binding-site analysis of REVOLUTA reveals a link between leaf patterning and light-mediated growth responses

• Process

HAT3 ... associated with light-induced growth responses

Brandt R, Salla-Martret M, Bou-Torrent J, Musielak T, Stahl M, Lanz C, Ott F, Schmid M, Greb T, Schwarz M, Choi SB, Barton MK, Reinhart BJ, Liu T, Quint M, Palauqui JC, Martínez-García JF, Wenkel S - Genome-wide binding-site analysis of REVOLUTA reveals a link between leaf patterning and light-mediated growth responses

• Process

EXI1 ... cellulose biosynthesis activity ... is restricted to the deposition of secondary walls of developing xylem

Rubio-Díaz S, Pérez-Pérez JM, González-Bayón R, Muñoz-Viana R, Borrega N, Mouille G, Hernández-Romero D, Robles P, Höfte H, Ponce MR, Micol JL - Cell expansion-mediated organ growth is affected by mutations in three EXIGUA genes

• Process

EXI2 ... cellulose biosynthesis activity ... is restricted to the deposition of secondary walls of developing xylem

Rubio-Díaz S, Pérez-Pérez JM, González-Bayón R, Muñoz-Viana R, Borrega N, Mouille G, Hernández-Romero D, Robles P, Höfte H, Ponce MR, Micol JL - Cell expansion-mediated organ growth is affected by mutations in three EXIGUA genes

• Process

EXI5 ... cellulose biosynthesis activity ... is restricted to the deposition of secondary walls of developing xylem

Rubio-Díaz S, Pérez-Pérez JM, González-Bayón R, Muñoz-Viana R, Borrega N, Mouille G, Hernández-Romero D, Robles P, Höfte H, Ponce MR, Micol JL - Cell expansion-mediated organ growth is affected by mutations in three EXIGUA genes

• Process

Our results support a function for AGO1 in adaxial-abaxial patterning

Jover-Gil S, Candela H, Robles P, Aguilera V, Barrero JM, Micol JL, Ponce MR - The microRNA pathway genes AGO1, HEN1 and HYL1 participate in leaf proximal-distal, venation and stomatal patterning in Arabidopsis

• Process

AGO1 normally plays a negative role in the differentiation of new venation pattern elements

Jover-Gil S, Candela H, Robles P, Aguilera V, Barrero JM, Micol JL, Ponce MR - The microRNA pathway genes AGO1, HEN1 and HYL1 participate in leaf proximal-distal, venation and stomatal patterning in Arabidopsis

• Process

DPA4 as a new player in the genetic network of leaf margin regulation

Engelhorn J, Reimer JJ, Leuz I, Göbel U, Huettel B, Farrona S, Turck F - Development-related PcG target in the apex 4 controls leaf margin architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

RLT2 ... important roles in the maintenance of the plant vegetative phase

Li G, Zhang J, Li J, Yang Z, Huang H, Xu L - Imitation Switch chromatin remodeling factors and their interacting RINGLET proteins act together in controlling the plant vegetative phase in Arabidopsis

• Process

CHR17 ... important roles in the maintenance of the plant vegetative phase

Li G, Zhang J, Li J, Yang Z, Huang H, Xu L - Imitation Switch chromatin remodeling factors and their interacting RINGLET proteins act together in controlling the plant vegetative phase in Arabidopsis

• Process

FLC ... known to function in the control of flowering time

Li G, Zhang J, Li J, Yang Z, Huang H, Xu L - Imitation Switch chromatin remodeling factors and their interacting RINGLET proteins act together in controlling the plant vegetative phase in Arabidopsis

• Process

CHR11 ... important roles in the maintenance of the plant vegetative phase

Li G, Zhang J, Li J, Yang Z, Huang H, Xu L - Imitation Switch chromatin remodeling factors and their interacting RINGLET proteins act together in controlling the plant vegetative phase in Arabidopsis

• Process

FT ... known to function in the control of flowering time

Li G, Zhang J, Li J, Yang Z, Huang H, Xu L - Imitation Switch chromatin remodeling factors and their interacting RINGLET proteins act together in controlling the plant vegetative phase in Arabidopsis

• Process

SOC1 ... known to function in the control of flowering time

Li G, Zhang J, Li J, Yang Z, Huang H, Xu L - Imitation Switch chromatin remodeling factors and their interacting RINGLET proteins act together in controlling the plant vegetative phase in Arabidopsis

• Process

FUL ... known to function in the control of flowering time

Li G, Zhang J, Li J, Yang Z, Huang H, Xu L - Imitation Switch chromatin remodeling factors and their interacting RINGLET proteins act together in controlling the plant vegetative phase in Arabidopsis

• Process

RLT1 ... important roles in the maintenance of the plant vegetative phase

Li G, Zhang J, Li J, Yang Z, Huang H, Xu L - Imitation Switch chromatin remodeling factors and their interacting RINGLET proteins act together in controlling the plant vegetative phase in Arabidopsis

• Process

LOX2 encodes for a protein involved in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis

Danisman S, van der Wal F, Dhondt S, Waites R, de Folter S, Bimbo A, van Dijk AD, Muino JM, Cutri L, Dornelas MC, Angenent GC, Immink RG - Arabidopsis class I and class II TCP transcription factors regulate jasmonic acid metabolism and leaf development antagonistically

• Process

The HPL is responsible for production of a range of cognate metabolites, predominantly C6 aldehydes and their derivatives, implicated as intra- and interplant stress-responsive signaling molecules

Xiao Y, Savchenko T, Baidoo EE, Chehab WE, Hayden DM, Tolstikov V, Corwin JA, Kliebenstein DJ, Keasling JD, Dehesh K - Retrograde signaling by the plastidial metabolite MEcPP regulates expression of nuclear stress-response genes

• Process

HPL is a stress-inducible nuclear gene encoding a plastidial enzyme in the HPL branch of the oxylipin pathway

Xiao Y, Savchenko T, Baidoo EE, Chehab WE, Hayden DM, Tolstikov V, Corwin JA, Kliebenstein DJ, Keasling JD, Dehesh K - Retrograde signaling by the plastidial metabolite MEcPP regulates expression of nuclear stress-response genes

• Process

At5g60600 defines CEH1, a single copy gene that encodes a plastidial nonmevalonate MEP pathway enzyme, HDS, responsible for the conversion of MEcPP to HMBPP

Xiao Y, Savchenko T, Baidoo EE, Chehab WE, Hayden DM, Tolstikov V, Corwin JA, Kliebenstein DJ, Keasling JD, Dehesh K - Retrograde signaling by the plastidial metabolite MEcPP regulates expression of nuclear stress-response genes

• Process

SUB ... required for venation patterning

Lin L, Zhong SH, Cui XF, Li J, He ZH - Characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants reveals a role for receptor-like kinase SCRAMBLED/STRUBBELIG in coordinating cell proliferation and differentiation during Arabidopsis leaf development

• Process

SUB predominantly functions in the early stage of primary morphogenesis during leaf development

Lin L, Zhong SH, Cui XF, Li J, He ZH - Characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants reveals a role for receptor-like kinase SCRAMBLED/STRUBBELIG in coordinating cell proliferation and differentiation during Arabidopsis leaf development

• Process

However, calculated on the basis of the increase in cell number over time, the average cell division rate for the entire leaf in samba and control plants was similar ... Fig. 3D), meaning that the difference observed in samba mutants happened already before analysis of the first time point (4 DAS

Eloy NB, Gonzalez N, Van Leene J, Maleux K, Vanhaeren H, De Milde L, Dhondt S, Vercruysse L, Witters E, Mercier R, Cromer L, Beemster GT, Remaut H, Van Montagu MC, De Jaeger G, Ferreira PC, Inzé D - SAMBA, a plant-specific anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome regulator is involved in early development and A-type cyclin stabilization

• Process

CCS52A2 acts at G2/M to control mitosis exit and endocycle entry

Liu Y, Ye W, Li B, Zhou X, Cui Y, Running MP, Liu K - CCS52A2/FZR1, a cell cycle regulator, is an essential factor for shoot apical meristem maintenance in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

AtCSP3 appears to affect leaf morphology at the leaf cell expansion stage

Yang Y, Karlson D - Effects of mutations in the Arabidopsis Cold Shock Domain Protein 3 (AtCSP3) gene on leaf cell expansion

• Process

PRPL24 ... required for optimal ... growth

Romani I, Tadini L, Rossi F, Masiero S, Pribil M, Jahns P, Kater M, Leister D, Pesaresi P - Versatile roles of Arabidopsis plastid ribosomal proteins in plant growth and development

• Process

PRPL24 ... required for optimal plastid performance in terms of photosynthesis

Romani I, Tadini L, Rossi F, Masiero S, Pribil M, Jahns P, Kater M, Leister D, Pesaresi P - Versatile roles of Arabidopsis plastid ribosomal proteins in plant growth and development

• Process

PRPS17 ... required for optimal ... growth

Romani I, Tadini L, Rossi F, Masiero S, Pribil M, Jahns P, Kater M, Leister D, Pesaresi P - Versatile roles of Arabidopsis plastid ribosomal proteins in plant growth and development

• Process

PRPS1 ... required for optimal plastid performance in terms of photosynthesis

Romani I, Tadini L, Rossi F, Masiero S, Pribil M, Jahns P, Kater M, Leister D, Pesaresi P - Versatile roles of Arabidopsis plastid ribosomal proteins in plant growth and development

• Process

PRPS17 ... required for optimal plastid performance in terms of photosynthesis

Romani I, Tadini L, Rossi F, Masiero S, Pribil M, Jahns P, Kater M, Leister D, Pesaresi P - Versatile roles of Arabidopsis plastid ribosomal proteins in plant growth and development

• Process

PRPS1 ... required for optimal ... growth

Romani I, Tadini L, Rossi F, Masiero S, Pribil M, Jahns P, Kater M, Leister D, Pesaresi P - Versatile roles of Arabidopsis plastid ribosomal proteins in plant growth and development

• Process

FtsHi1 is important for chloroplast biogenesis

Kadirjan-Kalbach DK, Yoder DW, Ruckle ME, Larkin RM, Osteryoung KW - FtsHi1/ARC1 is an essential gene in Arabidopsis that links chloroplast biogenesis and division

• Process

RGL2 ... also play a role in regulating grana stacking

Jiang X, Li H, Wang T, Peng C, Wang H, Wu H, Wang X - Gibberellin indirectly promotes chloroplast biogenesis as a means to maintain the chloroplast population of expanded cells

• Process

GAI ... the major regulators for GA-regulated grana stacking in Arabidopsis

Jiang X, Li H, Wang T, Peng C, Wang H, Wu H, Wang X - Gibberellin indirectly promotes chloroplast biogenesis as a means to maintain the chloroplast population of expanded cells

• Process

RGL1 ... also play a role in regulating grana stacking

Jiang X, Li H, Wang T, Peng C, Wang H, Wu H, Wang X - Gibberellin indirectly promotes chloroplast biogenesis as a means to maintain the chloroplast population of expanded cells

• Process

RGL3 ... also play a role in regulating grana stacking

Jiang X, Li H, Wang T, Peng C, Wang H, Wu H, Wang X - Gibberellin indirectly promotes chloroplast biogenesis as a means to maintain the chloroplast population of expanded cells

• Process

RGA ... the major regulators for GA-regulated grana stacking in Arabidopsis

Jiang X, Li H, Wang T, Peng C, Wang H, Wu H, Wang X - Gibberellin indirectly promotes chloroplast biogenesis as a means to maintain the chloroplast population of expanded cells

• Process

As the CO2 compensation point reflects the balance of photosynthetic CO2 uptake and photorespiratory CO2 release (von Caemmerer, 2000), the elevated CO2 compensation point also supported our hypothesis that BOU is involved in photorespiration

Eisenhut M, Planchais S, Cabassa C, Guivarc'h A, Justin AM, Taconnat L, Renou JP, Linka M, Gagneul D, Timm S, Bauwe H, Carol P, Weber AP - Arabidopsis A BOUT DE SOUFFLE is a putative mitochondrial transporter involved in photorespiratory metabolism and is required for meristem growth at ambient CO2 levels

• Process

electron tomography analysis provides evidence that RH3 is involved in chloroplast ribosome biogenesis of germinating seedlings and indicates that the defective chloroplast ribosome biogenesis of rh3–4 starts to be alleviated in 1-week-old seedlings

Lee KH, Park J, Williams DS, Xiong Y, Hwang I, Kang BH - Defective chloroplast development inhibits maintenance of normal levels of abscisic acid in a mutant of the Arabidopsis RH3 DEAD-box protein during early post-germination growth

• Process

We next addressed biochemical parameters of the CPK28 protein and investigated whether CPK28 enzyme activity is correlated with CPK28 function in shoot development. Firstly, Strep-tagged versions of full-length CPK28 protein and its D188A variant were generated. Due to this single amino acid exchange in the active centre of the enzyme, the phospho-transfer can no longer be catalysed rendering the kinase inactive. After transient expression in the heterologous Nicotiana benthamiana plant system, affinity purified and immobilised protein was subsequently subjected to in vitro kinase assays using the synthetic peptide, Syntide 2, as a substrate (Witte et al., 2010). Full-length CPK28 was active only in the presence of calcium (Figure 5a) and this calcium-dependent CPK28 kinase activity was shown to be time dependent (Figure 5b). Almost no activity could be detected in the absence of calcium or when the D188A variant of the protein kinase was assayed

Matschi S, Werner S, Schulze WX, Legen J, Hilger HH, Romeis T - Function of calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK28 of Arabidopsis thaliana in plant stem elongation and vascular development

• Process

STA1 has a major role in pri-miRNA splicing. In fact, of all tested pri-miRNAs, accumulation of apparent splicing intermediates or misspliced transcripts was observed in se-1 and hyl1-2, but not in sta1-1 (Figure 5), strongly suggesting a significant role of STA1 in pri-miRNA splicing steps, rather than in the cleavage of pri-miRNAs into mature miRNAs

Ben Chaabane S, Liu R, Chinnusamy V, Kwon Y, Park JH, Kim SY, Zhu JK, Yang SW, Lee BH. - STA1, an Arabidopsis pre-mRNA processing factor 6 homolog, is a new player involved in miRNA biogenesis

• Process

We measured the expression levels of each intron that contains at least three unique probes and found that 695 introns had a significantly higher expression in sta1-1 than in Col-RD29A-LUC (Supplementary Table S1), indicating that they were not spliced properly in sta1-1. This list includes the first intron in the COR15A transcript as expected from our published result (34). Among 695 retained introns, 295 (42%) were the first intron and 104 (15%) were the second intron, indicating that similar to CBC and SE (31), STA1 has significant effect on splicing at the 5'-end of the transcripts. These results confirm our previous conclusion that STA1 functions in pre-mRNA splicing

Ben Chaabane S, Liu R, Chinnusamy V, Kwon Y, Park JH, Kim SY, Zhu JK, Yang SW, Lee BH. - STA1, an Arabidopsis pre-mRNA processing factor 6 homolog, is a new player involved in miRNA biogenesis

• Process

These results suggest that STA1 functions at very early steps in pri-miRNA processing

Ben Chaabane S, Liu R, Chinnusamy V, Kwon Y, Park JH, Kim SY, Zhu JK, Yang SW, Lee BH. - STA1, an Arabidopsis pre-mRNA processing factor 6 homolog, is a new player involved in miRNA biogenesis

• Process

STA1 is involved in miRNA biogenesis

Ben Chaabane S, Liu R, Chinnusamy V, Kwon Y, Park JH, Kim SY, Zhu JK, Yang SW, Lee BH. - STA1, an Arabidopsis pre-mRNA processing factor 6 homolog, is a new player involved in miRNA biogenesis

• Process

miR408 is critically required for proper vegetative development in Arabidopsis

Zhang H, Li L - SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like7 regulated microRNA408 is required for vegetative development in Arabidopsis

• Process

these results indicate that YUC8 ... contribute to auxin synthesis in Arabidopsis

Hentrich M, Böttcher C, Düchting P, Cheng Y, Zhao Y, Berkowitz O, Masle J, Medina J, Pollmann S - The jasmonic acid signaling pathway is linked to auxin homeostasis through the modulation of YUCCA8 and YUCCA9 gene expression

• Process

these results indicate that ... YUC9 ... contribute to auxin synthesis in Arabidopsis

Hentrich M, Böttcher C, Düchting P, Cheng Y, Zhao Y, Berkowitz O, Masle J, Medina J, Pollmann S - The jasmonic acid signaling pathway is linked to auxin homeostasis through the modulation of YUCCA8 and YUCCA9 gene expression

• Process

possible involvement of ... VQ9 in regulating Na+/K+ homeostasis under salt stress

Hu Y, Chen L, Wang H, Zhang L, Wang F, Yu D - Arabidopsis transcription factor WRKY8 functions antagonistically with its interacting partner VQ9 to modulate salinity stress tolerance

• Process

possible involvement of WRKY8 ... in regulating Na+/K+ homeostasis under salt stress

Hu Y, Chen L, Wang H, Zhang L, Wang F, Yu D - Arabidopsis transcription factor WRKY8 functions antagonistically with its interacting partner VQ9 to modulate salinity stress tolerance

• Process

BSK7 ... play a role in BR signaling

Sreeramulu S, Mostizky Y, Sunitha S, Shani E, Nahum H, Salomon D, Hayun LB, Gruetter C, Rauh D, Ori N, Sessa G - BSKs are partially redundant positive regulators of brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis

• Process

BSK6 ... play a role in BR signaling

Sreeramulu S, Mostizky Y, Sunitha S, Shani E, Nahum H, Salomon D, Hayun LB, Gruetter C, Rauh D, Ori N, Sessa G - BSKs are partially redundant positive regulators of brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis

• Process

BSK8 ... play a role in BR signaling

Sreeramulu S, Mostizky Y, Sunitha S, Shani E, Nahum H, Salomon D, Hayun LB, Gruetter C, Rauh D, Ori N, Sessa G - BSKs are partially redundant positive regulators of brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis

• Process

HDG2 fused to Gal4 DNA-binding domain strongly transactivated the reporter in yeast at an equivalent level to known transcriptional activator SCRM/ICE1 (Fig. 6C), indicating that HDG2 is a transcriptional activator

Peterson KM, Shyu C, Burr CA, Horst RJ, Kanaoka MM, Omae M, Sato Y, Torii KU - Arabidopsis homeodomain-leucine zipper IV proteins promote stomatal development and ectopically induce stomata beyond the epidermis

• Process

AtML1 ... shares a redundant role in controlling the timing of meristemoid differentiation

Peterson KM, Shyu C, Burr CA, Horst RJ, Kanaoka MM, Omae M, Sato Y, Torii KU - Arabidopsis homeodomain-leucine zipper IV proteins promote stomatal development and ectopically induce stomata beyond the epidermis

• Process

CTF7/ECO1 plays a critical role in the regulation of chromosome segregation during mitotic cell division

Bolaños-Villegas P, Yang X, Wang HJ, Juan CT, Chuang MH, Makaroff CA, Jauh GY - Arabidopsis CHROMOSOME TRANSMISSION FIDELITY 7 (AtCTF7/ECO1) is required for DNA repair, mitosis and meiosis

• Process

CTF7/ECO1 is required for DNA repair in Arabidopsis

Bolaños-Villegas P, Yang X, Wang HJ, Juan CT, Chuang MH, Makaroff CA, Jauh GY - Arabidopsis CHROMOSOME TRANSMISSION FIDELITY 7 (AtCTF7/ECO1) is required for DNA repair, mitosis and meiosis

• Process

critical role in the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion during DNA replication, CTF7/ECO1

Bolaños-Villegas P, Yang X, Wang HJ, Juan CT, Chuang MH, Makaroff CA, Jauh GY - Arabidopsis CHROMOSOME TRANSMISSION FIDELITY 7 (AtCTF7/ECO1) is required for DNA repair, mitosis and meiosis

• Process

MAX1 is necessary for conversion of Z–CL into an active compound that regulates AtD14-dependent leaf development in mature plants

Scaffidi A, Waters MT, Ghisalberti EL, Dixon KW, Flematti GR, Smith SM - Carlactone-independent seedling morphogenesis in Arabidopsis

• Process

the observations that knockout of PDAT1 decreased (Figure 1b), while over-expression of this gene increased (Figure 2b), the level of FA unsaturation of TAG strengthen the idea that PDAT1 plays a key role in TAG synthesis in growing leaves

Fan J, Yan C, Xu C - Phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase-mediated triacylglycerol biosynthesis is crucial for protection against fatty acid-induced cell death in growing tissues of Arabidopsis

• Process

HAT1 ... to modulate BR-regulated growth

Zhang D, Ye H, Guo H, Johnson A, Zhang M, Lin H, Yin Y - Transcription factor HAT1 is phosphorylated by BIN2 kinase and mediates brassinosteroid repressed gene expression in Arabidopsis

• Process

HAT1 is a BES1 direct target gene and plays a positive role in the BR signaling pathway

Zhang D, Ye H, Guo H, Johnson A, Zhang M, Lin H, Yin Y - Transcription factor HAT1 is phosphorylated by BIN2 kinase and mediates brassinosteroid repressed gene expression in Arabidopsis

• Process

HAT3 ... to modulate BR-regulated growth

Zhang D, Ye H, Guo H, Johnson A, Zhang M, Lin H, Yin Y - Transcription factor HAT1 is phosphorylated by BIN2 kinase and mediates brassinosteroid repressed gene expression in Arabidopsis

• Process

these results suggest that ... HAT3 play a positive role in BR-regulated cell elongation

Zhang D, Ye H, Guo H, Johnson A, Zhang M, Lin H, Yin Y - Transcription factor HAT1 is phosphorylated by BIN2 kinase and mediates brassinosteroid repressed gene expression in Arabidopsis

• Process

these results suggest that HAT1 ... play a positive role in BR-regulated cell elongation

Zhang D, Ye H, Guo H, Johnson A, Zhang M, Lin H, Yin Y - Transcription factor HAT1 is phosphorylated by BIN2 kinase and mediates brassinosteroid repressed gene expression in Arabidopsis

• Process

SHYG ... is critically important for root waterlogging-induced localized cell expansion at the petiole base

Rauf M, Arif M, Fisahn J, Xue GP, Balazadeh S, Mueller-Roeber B - NAC transcription factor speedy hyponastic growth regulates flooding-induced leaf movement in Arabidopsis

• Process

ACO5 ... encoding an uncharacterized enzyme involved in ET biosynthesis

Rauf M, Arif M, Fisahn J, Xue GP, Balazadeh S, Mueller-Roeber B - NAC transcription factor speedy hyponastic growth regulates flooding-induced leaf movement in Arabidopsis

• Process

A reporter plasmid was constructed by fusing a 2.7-kb promoter sequence of SAG12 with the ß-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. The effector plasmid had a WRKY57 or WRKY8 gene driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. As shown in Figure 2C, coexpression of the WRKY57 gene resulted in significantly lower GUS activity than coexpression of the WRKY8 gene. This supported the hypothesis that WRKY57 is a negative regulator of senescence-associated genes

Jiang Y, Liang G, Yang S, Yu D - Arabidopsis WRKY57 functions as a node of convergence for jasmonic acid- and auxin-mediated signaling in jasmonic acid-induced leaf senescence

• Process

indicating a function for AN3 in ... the duration ... of cell proliferation

Vercruyssen L, Verkest A, Gonzalez N, Heyndrickx KS, Eeckhout D, Han SK, Jégu T, Archacki R, Van Leene J, Andriankaja M, De Bodt S, Abeel T, Coppens F, Dhondt S, De Milde L, Vermeersch M, Maleux K, Gevaert K, Jerzmanowski A, Benhamed M, Wagner D, Vandepoele K, De Jaeger G, Inzé D. - ANGUSTIFOLIA3 binds to SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes to regulate transcription during Arabidopsis leaf development

• Process

indicating a function for AN3 in ... the rate of cell proliferation

Vercruyssen L, Verkest A, Gonzalez N, Heyndrickx KS, Eeckhout D, Han SK, Jégu T, Archacki R, Van Leene J, Andriankaja M, De Bodt S, Abeel T, Coppens F, Dhondt S, De Milde L, Vermeersch M, Maleux K, Gevaert K, Jerzmanowski A, Benhamed M, Wagner D, Vandepoele K, De Jaeger G, Inzé D. - ANGUSTIFOLIA3 binds to SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes to regulate transcription during Arabidopsis leaf development

• Process

MED25 is also involved in the regulation of iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis

Yang Y, Ou B, Zhang J, Si W, Gu H, Qin G, Qu LJ - The Arabidopsis Mediator subunit MED16 regulates iron homeostasis by associating with EIN3/EIL1 through subunit MED25

• Process

YID1/MED16/SFR6 is involved in the regulation of iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis

Yang Y, Ou B, Zhang J, Si W, Gu H, Qin G, Qu LJ - The Arabidopsis Mediator subunit MED16 regulates iron homeostasis by associating with EIN3/EIL1 through subunit MED25

• Process

indicates that KAN1-GR may function primarily as a transcriptional repressor

Huang T, Harrar Y, Lin C, Reinhart B, Newell NR, Talavera-Rauh F, Hokin SA, Barton MK, Kerstetter RA - Arabidopsis KANADI1 acts as a transcriptional repressor by interacting with a specific cis-element and regulates auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling in opposition to HD-ZIPIII factors

• Process

ANU10 is important for thylakoid biogenesis

Casanova-Sáez R, Mateo-Bonmatí E, Kangasjärvi S, Candela H, Micol JL - Arabidopsis ANGULATA10 is required for thylakoid biogenesis and mesophyll development

• Process

ANU10 is important for ... grana formation

Casanova-Sáez R, Mateo-Bonmatí E, Kangasjärvi S, Candela H, Micol JL - Arabidopsis ANGULATA10 is required for thylakoid biogenesis and mesophyll development

• Process

RID3 was required for proper processing of rRNA precursors

Shinohara N, Ohbayashi I, Sugiyama M - Involvement of rRNA biosynthesis in the regulation of CUC1 gene expression and pre-meristematic cell mound formation during shoot regeneration

• Process

AtMPK10 may be involved in auxin allocation

Stanko V, Giuliani C, Retzer K, Djamei A, Wahl V, Wurzinger B, Wilson C, Heberle-Bors E, Teige M, Kragler F - Timing is everything: highly specific and transient expression of a MAP kinase determines auxin-induced leaf venation patterns in Arabidopsis

• Process

HULK2 acts redundantly with HUA2 and HULK1 in embryo development

Jali SS, Rosloski SM, Janakirama P, Steffen JG, Zhurov V, Berleth T, Clark RM, Grbic V - A plant-specific HUA2-LIKE (HULK) gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana is essential for development

• Process

HUA2 ... affect ... embryo development

Jali SS, Rosloski SM, Janakirama P, Steffen JG, Zhurov V, Berleth T, Clark RM, Grbic V - A plant-specific HUA2-LIKE (HULK) gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana is essential for development

• Process

HULK1 ... affect ... embryo development

Jali SS, Rosloski SM, Janakirama P, Steffen JG, Zhurov V, Berleth T, Clark RM, Grbic V - A plant-specific HUA2-LIKE (HULK) gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana is essential for development

• Process

To test whether ABS5/T5L1 and ABS7/MYB101 could function as transcription activators, we carried out trans-activation activity assays in yeast. The open reading frames of ABS5 and ABS7 were fused to the 3′ end of the GAL4 DNA binding domain (BD) to generate pBD-ABS5 and pBD-ABS7 vectors, respectively. The empty vector containing only the GAL4 DNA binding domain served as a negative control and Arabidopsis WRKY33 gene was used as a positive control [41]. Each construct was co-transformed with pGADT7 into yeast strain AH109. The expression of three reporter genes, HIS3, ADE and LacZ were assayed. As expected, all yeast transformants grew on SD/-Trp-Leu medium (Figure 7A ... yeast cells expressing pBD-ABS5 or the negative control vector failed to activate the reporter genes ... these results indicate that ... ABS5/T5L1, at least when alone, may not possess transcriptional activation activities

An R, Liu X, Wang R, Wu H, Liang S, Shao J, Qi Y, An L, Yu F - The over-expression of two transcription factors, ABS5/bHLH30 and ABS7/MYB101, leads to upwardly curly leaves

• Process

To test whether ABS5/T5L1 and ABS7/MYB101 could function as transcription activators, we carried out trans-activation activity assays in yeast. The open reading frames of ABS5 and ABS7 were fused to the 3′ end of the GAL4 DNA binding domain (BD) to generate pBD-ABS5 and pBD-ABS7 vectors, respectively. The empty vector containing only the GAL4 DNA binding domain served as a negative control and Arabidopsis WRKY33 gene was used as a positive control [41]. Each construct was co-transformed with pGADT7 into yeast strain AH109. The expression of three reporter genes, HIS3, ADE and LacZ were assayed. As expected, all yeast transformants grew on SD/-Trp-Leu medium (Figure 7A). However, only yeast transformants harboring pBD-ABS7 or the positive control vector were able to grow on SD/-Trp-Leu-His (w/5 mM 3-AT) or SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade media and gave positive results in X-gal assay, suggesting that ABS7/MYB101 is able to activate reporter genes ... these results indicate that ABS7/MYB101 protein has transcriptional activation activity

An R, Liu X, Wang R, Wu H, Liang S, Shao J, Qi Y, An L, Yu F - The over-expression of two transcription factors, ABS5/bHLH30 and ABS7/MYB101, leads to upwardly curly leaves

• Process

Both atLSG1 proteins belong to the YlqF/YawG /family of GTPases (Figure 1a). Common for such GTPases is a kcat in the range of 0.1–0.2 min−1 (Table 1). To check if atLSG1-1 and atLSG1-2 possess GTPase activity in vitro, we expressed both proteins as His14-MBP fusions in E. coli. The proteins were purified by affinity chromatography using NiNTA followed by TEV cleavage and further purification by size exclusion chromatography. The purified proteins were incubated with [α-32P]-GTP and products at different time points were analysed on TLC plates (Figure 1d). Both proteins hydrolysed [α-32P]-GTP and released [α-32P]-GDP in a time-dependent manner (Figure 1d). No hydrolysis occurred in the negative control without protein (Figure 1d). The kcat calculated from multiple turnover experiments (Jelic et al., 2003) is 0.19 ± 0.02 min−1 and 0.13 ± 0.03 min−1 for atLSG1-1 and atLSG1-2, respectively. These activities are comparable with other circularly permuted GTPases

Weis BL, Missbach S, Marzi J, Bohnsack MT, Schleiff E - The 60S associated ribosome biogenesis factor LSG1-2 is required for 40S maturation in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

atLSG1-2 ... might be involved in ... leaf development

Weis BL, Missbach S, Marzi J, Bohnsack MT, Schleiff E - The 60S associated ribosome biogenesis factor LSG1-2 is required for 40S maturation in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

Both atLSG1 proteins belong to the YlqF/YawG /family of GTPases (Figure 1a). Common for such GTPases is a kcat in the range of 0.1–0.2 min−1 (Table 1). To check if atLSG1-1 and atLSG1-2 possess GTPase activity in vitro, we expressed both proteins as His14-MBP fusions in E. coli. The proteins were purified by affinity chromatography using NiNTA followed by TEV cleavage and further purification by size exclusion chromatography. The purified proteins were incubated with [α-32P]-GTP and products at different time points were analysed on TLC plates (Figure 1d). Both proteins hydrolysed [α-32P]-GTP and released [α-32P]-GDP in a time-dependent manner (Figure 1d). No hydrolysis occurred in the negative control without protein (Figure 1d). The kcat calculated from multiple turnover experiments (Jelic et al., 2003) is 0.19 ± 0.02 min−1 and 0.13 ± 0.03 min−1 for atLSG1-1 and atLSG1-2, respectively. These activities are comparable with other circularly permuted GTPases

Weis BL, Missbach S, Marzi J, Bohnsack MT, Schleiff E - The 60S associated ribosome biogenesis factor LSG1-2 is required for 40S maturation in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

atLSG1-2 ... might be involved in early cotyledon ... development

Weis BL, Missbach S, Marzi J, Bohnsack MT, Schleiff E - The 60S associated ribosome biogenesis factor LSG1-2 is required for 40S maturation in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

To support a functional relation of ... atLSG1-2 in ribosome biogenesis, we applied A. thaliana cell culture lysate to continuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The UV absorption profile clearly shows peaks for 40S, 60S/80S and polysomes, which is confirmed by the mature rRNAs in the corresponding fractions (Figure 3). By western blotting with antibodies against atNOB1 and atENP1 we confirmed that pre-40S migrates in fractions 11 and 12, while pre-60S could be identified in fractions 15 and 16 by the presence of the RBF ateIF6-2 and the 27SB pre-rRNA (Figure 3; Missbach et al., 2013). Western blot analysis using the atLSG1 antibody demonstrates that atLSG1-2 migrates in fractions 15 and 16 corresponding to pre-60S/60S/80S ... under wild type conditions atLSG1-2 is stably associated with ribosomes, which is likely the 60S pre-ribosome in accordance to scLsg1, and may function in ribosome biogenesis

Weis BL, Missbach S, Marzi J, Bohnsack MT, Schleiff E - The 60S associated ribosome biogenesis factor LSG1-2 is required for 40S maturation in Arabidopsis thaliana

• Process

The CPD[38 ... encode enzymes involved in BR biosynthesis

Schröder F, Lisso J, Obata T, Erban A, Maximova E, Giavalisco P, Kopka J, Fernie AR, Willmitzer L, Müssig C - Consequences of induced brassinosteroid deficiency in Arabidopsis leaves

• Process

DWF4 ... encode enzymes involved in BR biosynthesis

Schröder F, Lisso J, Obata T, Erban A, Maximova E, Giavalisco P, Kopka J, Fernie AR, Willmitzer L, Müssig C - Consequences of induced brassinosteroid deficiency in Arabidopsis leaves

• Process

role of ... OSR1 in cell proliferation

Qin Z, Zhang X, Zhang X, Feng G, Hu Y - The Arabidopsis ORGAN SIZE RELATED 2 is involved in regulation of cell expansion during organ growth

• Process

role of ARGOS ... in cell proliferation

Qin Z, Zhang X, Zhang X, Feng G, Hu Y - The Arabidopsis ORGAN SIZE RELATED 2 is involved in regulation of cell expansion during organ growth

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OSR2 acts redundantly with ARL in the regulation of cell expansion during organ growth

Qin Z, Zhang X, Zhang X, Feng G, Hu Y - The Arabidopsis ORGAN SIZE RELATED 2 is involved in regulation of cell expansion during organ growth

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These findings suggest that OSR2 may also be involved in BR-related cell expansion

Qin Z, Zhang X, Zhang X, Feng G, Hu Y - The Arabidopsis ORGAN SIZE RELATED 2 is involved in regulation of cell expansion during organ growth

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OSR1 had some effects on cell expansion during organogenesis

Qin Z, Zhang X, Zhang X, Feng G, Hu Y - The Arabidopsis ORGAN SIZE RELATED 2 is involved in regulation of cell expansion during organ growth

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DRL1 might indirectly regulate cell division in the upstream of CycD3;1

Jun SE, Cho KH, Hwang JY, Abdel-Fattah W, Hammermeister A, Schaffrath R, Bowman JL, Kim GT - Comparative analysis of the conserved functions of Arabidopsis DRL1 and yeast KTI12

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ROT4 ... control polar cell proliferation ... in the lateral organs

Guo P, Yoshimura A, Ishikawa N, Yamaguchi T, Guo Y, Tsukaya H - Comparative analysis of the RTFL peptide family on the control of plant organogenesis

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ROT4 ... control ... cell expansion in the lateral organs

Guo P, Yoshimura A, Ishikawa N, Yamaguchi T, Guo Y, Tsukaya H - Comparative analysis of the RTFL peptide family on the control of plant organogenesis

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This result suggested that the AS1 gene might be necessary for control of the proper segmenta- tion of the leaf margin

Tsukaya H, Uchimiya H - Genetic analyses of the formation of the serrated margin of leaf blades in Arabidopsis: combination of a mutational analysis of leaf morphogenesis with the characterization of a specific marker gene expressed in hydathodes and stipules

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ROT3 ... gene product might play a general role in cell elongation throughout the plant

Kim GT, Tsukaya H, Uchimiya H - The ROTUNDIFOLIA3 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a new member of the cytochrome P-450 family that is required for the regulated polar elongation of leaf cells